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Unit 4

TermDefinition
Inherited characteristics physical traits that are genetically passed down from parents to offspring
allele different versions of a trait like the color of hair
Genetics The study of heredity
Genes parts of DNA that code for inherited characteristics
Gregor Mendel Found DNA but did not know what it was
Friedrich Miescher Actually found DNA and deiced it was a string
Edwin Chargaff Found what was in the DNA
Rosalind Franklin Found that DNA was double helixed
Watson and Crick Stole Rosalind's pictures and took the credit for their own.
Maurice wilkins Rosalind employer and gave her pictures to watson and crick
DNA deoxyribose nucleic acid, contains and passes on genetic information
Adenine One of the four nitrogen bases
Thymine One of the four nitrogen bases
Guanine One of the four nitrogen bases
Cytosine One of the four nitrogen bases
DNA replication the process where DNA is copied
Step 1 of DNA replication DNA unwinds from spiral formation so that it is flat
Step 2 of DNA replication DNA Helicase helps separate and flatten the two strands
Step 3 of DNA replication DNA polymerase adds the complementary bases to each old strand creating a new strand as it moves along
Step 4 of DNA replication 2 double helixes are created each with one old strand and a new strand
double helix looks like a spiral ladder
Neuclotide sugar, and phosphate with a nitrogen base
sugar phosphate backbone What the double helix is made of
Nucleic acid a macromolecule made up of C H O nitrogen and phosphorus
Nitrogen base what connects the DNA- A T C G
DNA replication The process when you make an exact copy of DNA
DNA helicase The protein that unzips the nitrogen bases
DNA polymerase The protein that copies the nitrogen bases.
Complementing When you put the opposite nitrogen base with another nitrogen base.
Heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another
Dominant Trait The trait that first appears or is visibly expressed in the organism
Recessive trait a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous
phenotype The seen traits
Genotype The traits that are there
Homozygous having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Heterozygous having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Uracil One of the four nitrogen bases, Takes place of T in transcription
RNA is single strand instead of double strand, translator to DNA
transcription The process of taking a gene from the DNA and making a complementary strand of messenger RNA
Amino Acid chain A chain of amino acids
mRNA The messenger RNA
tRNA transfer RNA, contains three nitrogen bases called the anticodon converts Condon's message into amino acid.
Translation The process where a ribosome reads the mRNA and translates it into a string of amino acids using the universal genetic code.
Meiosis process of making gamete (sperm and egg) cells
Prophase I DNA is copied from parent cell
Metaphase I crossing over occurs
Anaphase l Homologous chromosomes separate
Telophase l 2 new cells- haploid
Prophase ll DNA is not copied
Metaphase ll The ribosomes start to pull at the DNA
Anaphase ll cells start to divide
Telophase ll 4 non identical cells - all have different DNA
Haploid 1/2 set of chromosomes
Diploid full set of chromosomes
Daughter cells Cells that look exactly alike
Gametes sperm and egg cells
Somatic cells normal body cells
Expected Probability The mathematical prediction of what we think the offspring will look like and what alleles they will carry
Expected ratio the ratios of what alleles the offspring actually carry and actually what they look like
Codominant being one of two or more species that are equally dominant, looking blended.
Created by: GraceButler
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