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BJU Biology - Ch 20

BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 20

TermDefinition
actin One of the two types of protein found in muscle fibers.
anatomical position A standing position of the human body with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward.
anatomy The science that deals with the structure of organisms.
cardiac muscle Muscle tissue found only in the heart; striated and involuntary.
cartilage The soft, fibrous matrix often associated with the skeletal system of vertebrates.
connective tissue Any of the tissues of the body that connect, support, cushion and fill spaces around organs.
dermis The thick inner layer of the skin.
diaphysis The shaft of a long bone.
endosteum The lining of the marrow cavity in a long bone; involved in bone growth and repair.
epidermis In animals and humans, a tissue that usually covers or lines a structure.
epiphysis The end of a long bone.
epithelial tissue A tissue of the body that covers or lines a body part; functions in absorption, secretion, and protection.
exocrine gland A gland that releases its secretions through a duct.
fascicle A small bundle of muscle fibers.
Haversian system A unit of bone in compact bone tissue.
histology The study of tissues.
insertion The point of attachment of a muscle's tendon to a more movable bone.
joint The point where two bones come together.
keratin A tough, fibrous protein found in reptile scales, bird feathers and mammal and human hair.
ligament A band of connective tissues that holds a joint together.
matrix Nonliving material in a tissue; secreted by the tissue's cells.
melanin A dark brown or black pigment.
muscle fatigue The inability of muscle fibers to respond (contract) after prolonged use.
muscle fiber A muscle cell.
muscle tissue Tissue made of cells that can contract to cause movement.
myofibril One of the functional fibers within a muscle that causes contraction by the movement of actin and myosin filaments.
myosin One of the two types of protein found in muscle fibers.
nervous tissue Body tissue capable of responding to changes and conducting electrical impulses.
origin The point of attachment of a muscle's tendon to a more stationary bone.
ossification The process of converting cartilage tissue into bone.
osteocyte A living bone cell.
oxygen debt The amount of oxygen that must be supplied to change lactic acid to glucose during physical exercise.
periosteum A layer of fibrous tissue covering the diaphysis of a long bone; serves for muscle attachment and bone growth and repair.
physiology The science that deals with the various processes and activities that occur within a living organism.
red bone marrow A tissue that makes red blood cells and that is located in the marrow cavities of some bones.
sarcomere One of the functional segments of a muscle.
sebaceous gland A gland of the skin that produces oil.
sebum The material secreted by sebaceous glands.
skeletal muscle Muscle tissue that is attached to and moves the skeleton; striated and voluntary.
subcutaneous layer The layer of fat and connective tissues below the dermis of the skin.
sweat gland One of the glands in the skin that releases perspiration to cool the body and release wastes.
synovial membrane The lining of a joint cavity that fills the cavity with a lubricating fluid.
tendon The connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone.
visceral muscle Muscle tissue that forms the walls of internal organs; involuntary and smooth.
yellow bone marrow Fatty tissue that gradually replaces red bone marrow as humans become older.
Created by: marchscience
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