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8ES Chp 10: Rocks

8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 10: Rocks Coach Leach

TermDefinition
rock A naturally occurring, solid material made of various minerals that compose most of the earth's crust.
texture How a rock looks and feels according to the sizes of the mineral grains and other particles that compose the rock.
grain Pieces of mineral crystals, rock fragments, and even fossils in a rock that determine its texture.
igneous rock A rock formed from solidified magma or lava.
aphanitic rock A fine-grained igneous rock with crystals too small to see even with a microscope; often found in extrusive igneous rocks.
sedimentary rock A rock made of sediments produced by erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation or by the precipitation of chemicals from a solution.
clast A piece of broken or eroded rock.
clastic sedimentary rock A rock made from the eroded fragments or clasts of other rocks.
nonclastic sedimentary rock A sedimentary rock composed of materials that are not clastic erosion sediments; formed from chemical precipitation or from the deposition of marine fossils.
precipitation chemical In geology, any process that causes chemical substances dissolved in water to form a solid compound that settles out of solution.
metamorphic rock Rock formed when igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks have been altered by extreme temperature, pressure, or chemical action.
regional metamorphism Metamorphism that occurred over large areas by heat, the pressure of overlying rock, or widespread tectonic forces.
contact metamorphism Metamorphism caused mainly by contact with high-temperature magma or lava; still occurs today in areas of active volcanism.
dynamic metamorphism Metamorphism that occur when conditions rapidly change in rocks; also occurred more in Earth's history than in the present, though it may still occur in rocks near very active faults.
foliated metamorphism Metamorphic rock containing flattened or flaky mineral crystals, giving it a banded or layered appearance.
nonfoliated metamorphism A metamorphic rock lacking bands or layers; tends to break into sharp, angular pieces.
rock cycle An old-earth theory that rock is recycled in large geochemical cycles similar to other natural resources such as water, carbon, and nitrogen; where one complete cycle requires millions of years.
Created by: CoachLeach
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