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PATHO F&E
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osmolarity | number of particles per L of solution |
| albumin | protein made by liver; pulls H2O into vessels |
| osmosis | movement of water |
| diffusion | movement of particles |
| filtration | process by which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by a filter medium that permits the fluid/gas to pass thru but retains the solid particles |
| active transport | process of moving molecules across a cell membrane from an area of lower conc. to higher conc. requiring the use of ATP |
| natriuretic hormones | sense volume increase; signals hypothalamus to tell posterior pituitary gland to stop making ADH; causes kidneys to make more urine |
| natriuresis | excretion of a large amount of both Na and H2O by the kidneys in response to excess ECF volume |
| dependent edema | collection of venous blood in lower extremities |
| pitting edema | occurs when pressure is applied to a small area and an indentation persists after the release of the pressure |
| sequestered fluid | fluid accumulates in body cavities normally free of fluids; effusion |
| effusion transudate | serous filtrate of blood |
| effusion exudate | contains blood, lymph, proteins, pathogens, and inflammatory cells |
| normal osmolarity | 275-295 mmol/kg |
| normal albumin | 3.1-4.3 g/dL |
| normal sodium | 135-145 mEq/L |
| potassium | 3.5-5.2 mEq/dL |
| calcium | 8.5-10.5 mg/L |
| phosphate | 2.5-4.5 mg/dL |
| magnesium | 1.5-2.5 mg/dL |
| blood urea nitrogen | 6-24 mg/dL |
| normal urine output | 400mL/24hrs or 20-30 mL/hr |