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Science

Cellular Reproduction

TermDefinition
Chromosomes Rod‐shaped structures that DNA is organized into.
Gene A portion of DNA that controls the characteristics of an offspring.
Mitosis The complex process of separating duplicated chromosomes so that 2 new cells are formed.
Chromatids Two copies of a chromosome once it has been duplicated (copied) in interphase.
Centromere The point where the chromatids are connected.
Spindle Fibers Fibers that connect to the centromeres of the chromosomes and that help push and pull the chromosomes apart during mitosis.
Binary Fission Simple cell reproduction used by prokaryotic cells (bacteria). Means “splitting into two parts. “
Meiosis A form of cell division that produces sex cells, which contain HALF the normal number of chromosomes.
Sex cells: egg and sperm An egg is the female sex cell and sperm is the male sex cell; each has half the number of chromosomes
Fertilization The joining of egg and sperm.
Zygote A fertilized egg, formed by the joining of egg and sperm.
Sex Chromosomes The chromosomes that carry the genes that determine gender (XX, XY).
Created by: 918747.lcps.org
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