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Muscles Ch.6

Chapter 6: Muscles

QuestionAnswer
Contractility- ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
Excitability- capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
Extensibility- ability to be stretched
Elasticity- ability to recoil to original resting length after they have been stretched
Epimysium- a connective tissue sheath surrounded by each skeletal muscle
Fascia- connective tissue located outside the epimysium
Fasciculi (fascicle)- composed of numerous visible bundles
Perimysium- loose connective tissue covering the fascicle
Fibers- single muscle cells
Endomysium- connective tissue sheath covering the fibers
Myofibrils- threadlike structure extending from one end of fiber to next
Actin myofilaments- thin myofilaments (pearls twisted)
Myosin myofilaments- thick myofilaments (golf clubs)
Sarcomeres- ordered units joined end to end to form myofibril
A band- extends length of myosin
H zone- consists only of myosin
I band- consists of actin
Z line- attachment site for actin
Motor neurons- nerve cells carrying action to skeletal fibers
Neuromuscular junction synapse (center of the cell)
Presynaptic terminal- enlarged nerve terminal (occurs first)
Synaptic cleft- space between presynaptic and the muscle cell
Postsynaptic terminal- occurs after the presynaptic terminal
Acetylcholinesterase- breaks down acetylcholine
Threshold- muscle fiber doesn't stop until stimulus reaches this level
Tetany- muscle remains contracted w/o relaxing
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)- needed for energy for muscle contraction
ATP- produced in mitochondria & unstable
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)- plus phosphate
Anaerobic respiration- w/o oxygen
Aerobic respiration- w/ oxygen (more efficient)
Muscle fatigue- ATP is used more than it is produced in muscle cells
Isometric- (equal distance) length of muscle has no change, amount of tension increases
Isotonic- (equal tension) length of muscle changes, tension is constant
Fast-twitch fibers- contract & fatigue quickly
Slow-twitch fibers- contract slowly & more resistance to fatigue
Origin- most stationary end of muscle
Insertion- most movement end of muscle
Belly- portion of muscle between origin and insertion
Synergists- muscles working together to accomplish movements
Antagonists- muscles that work opposite to one another
Prime mover- one muscle plays major role in desired movement
Muscle descriptions: location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, & function.
Occipitofrontal- raised eyebrows
Orbicularis oculi- closed eyelids
Orbicularis oris- puckered lips
Buccinator- flattened cheeks
Zygomaticus- smiling muscle
Levator labii superioris- sneering
Depressor anguli oris- frowning
Mastication- chewing
Mastication muscles- pterygoids (2), temporalis, & masseter
Intrinsic tongue muscles- change shape of tongue
Extrinsic tongue muscles- move tongue
Sternocleidomastoid- lateral neck muscle & prime mover
Erector spinae- group of muscles on each side of the back
External intercostals- elevate ribs during inspiration
Internal intercostals- contract during forced expiration
Diaphragm- accomplishes quiet breathing
Dome-shaped muscle- aids in breathing
Linea alba- consists of white connective tissue
Trapezius- rotates scapula
Serratus anterior- pulls scapula anteriorly
Pectoralis major- adducts and flexes the arm
Latissimus dorsi- medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm.
Deltoid- attaches humerus to scapula and clavicle
Triceps brachii- extends forearm
Biceps brachii- flexes forearm
Brachialis- flexes forearm
Brachioradialis- flexes & supinates the forearm
Retinaculum (bracelet)- strong band of fibrous connective tissue covering flexor and extensor tendons
Flexor carpi- flex wrist
Extensor carpi- extends wrist
Flexor digitorum- flex fingers
Extensor digitorum- extends fingers
Intrinsic hand muscles- 19 hand muscles
Interossi- located between metacarpals
Glutes maximus- buttocks
Quadriceps femoris- extends leg
Satorius- flex thigh
Hamstring- posterior thigh muscles- flex leg and extends thigh
Gastrocnemius and soleus- form the calf muscle
Calcaneal tendon- flex foot and toes
Intrinsic foot- 20 muscles located within the foot
Created by: jlclemo1
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