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Pediatrics Ch.22.
Temperature & Antipyertics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What rectal temperature defines a fever | > 100.4 F |
| What tympanic temperature defines a fever | > 100.4 F |
| What oral temperature defines a fever | > 100 F |
| What axillary temperature defines a fever | > 99 F |
| What should be assessed and recorded when evaluating the degree of illness in a febrile child | Response to cuddling, Alertness, Cry Quality, Hydration, Sociability |
| When might a child with a temperature be acutely ill | When quiet and lethargic without responding steadily to the environment |
| How is hydration assessed | Skin turgor |
| What thermometers should not be used | Mercury containing |
| At what age can an oral temperature be taken | Children over 5 that can keep his or her mouth closed and has not ingested hot or cold fluids |
| What kind of temperature is not recommended for pediatric patients | Rectal |
| What are the most common thermometers used on a pediatric unit | Electronic, plastic strip, tympanic membrane sensor |
| What are the benefits of an electronic thermometer | Works quickly and the plastic sheath is replaceable |
| How does a plastic strip thermometer work | It changes color according to a sensed temperature change |
| How does a tympanic thermometer record temperature | Infrared emission |
| Why is the tympanic membrane a site of importance regarding temperature | The hypothalamus and eardrum are perfused by the same circulation |
| What is the temperature regulating center | Hypothalamus |
| What is a normal temperature reading for the oral route | 97.6 – 99.3 F |
| What is a normal temperature reading for the rectal route | 98.6 – 100 F |
| What is a normal temperature reading for the axillary route | 96.6 – 98 F |
| What is a normal temperature reading for the ear | 98.4 – 99.5 F |
| How is a tympanic temperature obtained in children under 3 | The pinna is pulled down and back and the probe is aimed at the opposite eyebrow |
| How is a tympanic temperature obtained in children over 3 | The pinna is pulled up and back and the probe is aimed at the opposite eyebrow |
| How does a temporal artery thermometer record temperature | Measures infrared emissions over the temporal artery by rolling the transducer over the child’s forehead |
| Which type of thermometer measure core body temperature | Tympanic |
| What is the estimated temperature of the internal organs | Core body temperature |
| Why should tympanic thermometers only be used for infants over 3 months | Some brands have probes that do not fit well into the ear canal |
| How does otitis media affect the accuracy of a tympanic temperature | It doesn’t |
| When should a tepid sponge bath be administered | Fever over 104 F |
| How long after a tepid sponge bath should vitals be reassessed | 30 minutes |
| What should be avoided when a child has a fever | Shivering |
| Why is antipyretic medication administered to children with a fever | Relieve discomforts associated with a fever |
| What should be documented concerning temperature | Reading and route used |
| What is a skin sensor thermometer | Single use, disposable temperature sensor that attaches on intact skin of the armpit |
| How long can a skin sensor thermometer be used for | 48 hours |
| What will facilitate checking the temperature of a skin sensor thermometer | Raising the arm |
| How is the temperature reading determined when using a skin sensor thermometer | Last dot to turn black |
| What is the range for a skin sensor thermometer | 95 – 104 degrees F |
| What does an infection from bacteria or other toxins do | Stimulates immune substances to work along with prostoglandins in the body to stimulate the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature |
| What effect does a raise in body temperature from infection have on the body | Vasoconstriction, shivering, and decreased peripheral perfusion that decrease body heat loss while maintaining homeostasis, and therefore raising the body temperature |
| What kind of medications should be given to a child with a fever | Antipyretics |
| What are some examples of antipyretic medications | Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen |
| What affect to antipyretic medication have | Inhibit prostaglandin production – prevent shivering, vasoconstriction, and alteration in perfusion |
| What effect does prostaglandin production have on the body | Shivering, Vasoconstriction, Alteration |
| What is hyperthermia | An increase in core body temperature occurring with CNS impairment |
| Which increase in temperature does not involve a prostaglandin response | Hyperthermia |
| What can cause hyperthermia | Drug reaction, Environmental overheating, Trauma |
| How is hyperthermia treated | Vigorous cooling measure, IV fluids |
| Besides body temperature, what does a fever increase | Metabolic demand on the heart and lungs |
| Which children require antipyretics to minimize the increase in oxygen consumption that causes an increased demand on the heart | Those with cardiopulmonary disease |
| What risk does antipyretic minimize in all children with a fever | Dehydration |
| Why should excessive use of antipyretics be avoided | Can burden the kidneys and liver |
Created by:
futurenurse
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