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Pediatrics Ch 22.
Blood Pressure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is blood pressure | Blood on the walls of the of the arteries – An index of elasticity of arterial walls, peripheral vascular resistance, efficiency of the heart as a pump, and blood volume |
| What are some common sites for measuring blood pressure in children | Brachial artery, Popliteal artery, Posterior tibial artery |
| How does auscultation for children’s blood pressure differ from an adult | A pediatric stethoscope and blood pressure cuff |
| How should a blood pressure cuff fit | Should be long enough to encircle the extremity and width should cover 2/3 of the upper arm |
| What size blood pressure cuff is recommended for children from birth to 1 year | 1 ½ inches |
| What size blood pressure cuff is recommended for children aged 2 to 8 | 3 inches |
| What size blood pressure cuff is recommended for children aged 8 to 12 | 4 ½ inches |
| Who should have a 1 ½ inch blood pressure cuff used | Children from birth to 1 year |
| Who should have a 3 inch blood pressure cuff used | Children from 2 to 8 |
| Who should have a 4 ½ inch blood pressure cuff used | Children from 8 to 12 |
| Where is blood pressure normally higher | Lower extremities |
| What does the American Heart Association designate as the most accurate index of diastolic blood pressure | Muffled tone |
| What does the American Heart Association recommend recording for blood pressure | Systolic/Muffled diastolic/Final diastolic |
| How is pulse pressure determined | Systolic – Diastolic = Pulse Pressure |
| What is one of the oldest methods of measuring blood pressure | Palpation |
| How is blood pressure palpated | Cuff applied and inflated above the expected pressure, Fingers over brachial or radial artery, Systolic pressure is recorded at the point when the pulse reappears, Diastolic pressure is unobtainable |
| Who might a palpated blood pressure be taken from | Newborns |
| How is electronic or ultrasonagraphic measured | Ultrasonically detects motion of the arterial wall – Transducer with cuff is over artery, Cuff inflated above systolic, Cuff gradually deflated, Transducer transmits vascular sounds and measurement appears on a digital readout |
| What can account for variation in children’s blood pressure | Emotion – Age, Emotion, Exercise, Gender, Pain, Time of day |
| When taking a radial blood pressure, where should the limb be positioned | At the level of the heart |
| When taking a posterior tibial blood pressure where is the cuff placed | Above malleoli or midcalf |
| Which arteries can be auscultated in the food to obtain blood pressure | Posterior tibial, Dorsal pedal |
| When taking brachial blood pressure, where should the limb be positioned | At level of the heart |
| When taking the popliteal blood pressure, where should the cuff be placed | Above the knee |
| What action is taken when a significant change in blood pressure is observed | It is rechecked |
Created by:
futurenurse
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