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Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The study of plants, animals and their environments |
| Ecosystem | All of the plants and animals and the environment they live in |
| Population | A group of organisms of the same species living together in a habitat |
| Community | A group of organisms of different species living together in a habitat |
| Abiotic factor | Non living factor e.g. temperature, light intensity |
| Biotic factor | Living factor e.g. predators and prey |
| Climatic | The average weather conditions that affect the community in an ecosystem e.g. wind, humidity |
| Edaphic | The soil e.g. soil type, soil pH |
| Habitat | A place where an organism lives |
| The four types of factors that affect an organism | Abiotic, Biotic, Climatic and Edaphic |
| Biosphere | The part of the earth that can support life |
| Niche | The role of an organism |
| Producers | Organisms that can make their own food, first members of food chain |
| Consumers | Cant make their own food, there are primary, secondary and tertiary consumers |
| Primary consumer | Organism that feeds on producer |
| Secondary consumer | Organism that feeds on primary consumer |
| Tertiary consumer | Organism that feeds on secondary consumers |
| Trophic level | Position of an organism in the food chain, starting from producer |
| Fauna | Animals |
| Flora | Plants |
| Food chain | The transfer of energy through the feeding relationship between organisms |
| Food web | A number of interconnected food chains |
| Qualitative | Whether a species is present or not |
| Quantitative | How much of a species is present |
| Competition | When organisms fight for resources which are in short supply |
| Contest competition | A physical confrontation between two or more organisms, one wins and gets all resources |
| Scramble competition | Each organism tries to get as much resources as possible |
| Adaptation | Special features that allow organisms to survive in their habitat |
| Predation | The act of killing and eating another animal for food |
| Predator | An animal that kills and eats other animals |
| Prey | |
| Parasite | |
| Host | |
| Symbiosis | |
| Biotic factors that control the population | Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Symbiosis |
| An animal that gets killed and eaten by other animals | |
| The organism that lives in or on another while causing it harm | |
| The organism that has a parasite living in or on it while causing it harm | |
| Where two organisms of different species live together and at least one of them benefits | |
| Parasitism | A relationship where one organism lives in or on another while causing it harm |
| Mutualism | A form of symbiosis where both organisms benefit |
| Positive effects of predation | 1) stabilises numbers in the community 2) controls the number of herbivores and so orevent overgrazing 3) eliminates less well adapted animals |
| Adaptations of prey (2 examples) | 1 - camouflage e.g. stick insects 2 - staying in flocks, safety in numbers e.g. wildebeest |
| Adaptations of predators (2 examples) | 1 - hawks have excellent eyesight 2 - cheetahs can run at 60 km/h |
Created by:
JJoyce03
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