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Fluid Power Systems
Fluid power systems unit vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absolute pressure | The total pressure exerted on a system, including atmospheric pressure; identified as psia. |
| absolute temperature | Temperature that is measured or calculated on scale (such as the Kelvin scale) that is based on a hypothetical absolute zero temperature at which matter is devoid of all thermal energy. |
| actuator | (1) A device that transfers electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic energy into mechanical energy that moves or displaces something. (2) A device that converts fluid pressure into mechanical motion for the purpose of moving a load. |
| air compressor | A type of mechanical device that is used to generate air pressure in a pneumatic circuit. |
| area (A) | A measure of the two-dimensional space that is enclosed by a shape. |
| atmospheric temperature | The pressure that is exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above the point of measurement; standard atmospheric temperature is 14.7 psia at sea level. |
| Bernoulli's principle | The velocity of a fluid increases as the temperature exerted by that fluid decreases. |
| Boyle's law | The absolute temperature of a confined gas is inversely proportional to its volume, provided its temperature remains constant. |
| Charles' law | The volume of a confined gas is proportional to its temperature, provided its temperature remains constant. |
| check valve | A type of one-way valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction only. |
| directional control valve (DCV) | Any device that is controlled by an operator for the purpose of changing the path a fluid takes through a circuit. |
| double-acting cylinder | A common type of linear actuator that is controlled by fluid pressure in both directions (extends and retracts). |
| filter | A fluid-conditioning device that is used to remove particulate matter that can damage the inner workings of moving components within a fluid. |
| fixed-displacement pump | A type of hydraulic pump that generates a constant flow rate. |
| flow control valve | A type of valve that is used to control the volume of fluid as it flows in one direction only; often used to control the speed of an actuator. |
| flow meter | A device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid. |
| flow rate (Q) | The volume of fluid that moves past a given point in a system per unit time. |
| flow velocity | The ratio between the distance that a drop of fluid travels and the amount of time that it takes to travel that distance. |
| fluid mechanics | The study of the properties of gases and liquids that are at rest or in motion. |
| fluid power | The use of a confined fluid flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another. |
| gauge pressure | The pressure value that is identified by a pressure gauge that is attached to a fluid system; identified as psig. |
| Gay-Lussac's law | The absolute pressure of a confined gas is proportional to its absolute temperature, provided its volume remains constant. |
| hydraulic amplification of force | The amplification of an input force that results when dissimilar size pistons are connected together in a closed hydraulic system; the process of generating a large output force from a small input force in a hydraulic system. |
| hydrodynamics | The study of fluids that are in a state of motion. |
| hydrostatics | The study of the properties of fluids that are in a state of static equilibrium (at rest). |
| laminar flow | Fluid flow that is characterized as smooth and steady. |
| lubricator | A device that mixes tiny drops of oil with compressed air for the purpose of lubricating the components in a pneumatic circuit. |
| mechanics | The study of motion, forces, and the effects of forces on objects. |
| Pascal's law | Pressure exerted on a confined fluid is transmitted equally and perpendicular to all the interior surfaces of the fluid's container. |
| Perfect Gas Laws | The mathematical relationships between a gas's volume, absolute pressure, and absolute temperature within a closed system, which are defined when one of the three variables is kept constant; consisting of Charles' Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and Boyle's Law. |
| pilot line | A transmission line that is used to transport pressurized fluid for the purpose of controlling a valve. |
| piston | A solid cylindrical component within an actuator that moves under the influence of fluid pressure; also the component within an air compressor that is used to compress and move air in a pneumatic circuit. |
| pneumatics | The physical science and technologies associated with the mechanics of pressurized gases. |
| power density | Power per unit volume. |
| pressure (p) | A type of load that occurs when a force is distributed perpendicular to the surface of an object. |
| pressure regulator | A device that is used to manually adjust and control the pressure of the compressed air in a pneumatic system. |
| pressure release valve | A type of safety valve that will vent fluid back to the reservoir in a hydraulic circuit to protect |
| prime mover | A device, such as an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, that is used to power a hydraulic pump or an air compressor. |
| pump | A device that is used to introduce flow or pressure into a fluid system. |
| receiver tank | A device that holds compressed air in a pneumatic system. |
| reservoir | A holding tank for nonpressurized hydraulic fluid that helps protect the fluid from outside contamination; also serves as a heat exchanger. |
| schematic symbol | A simplified graphic representation of an electrical, a mechanical, or a fluid power system component. |
| shutoff valve | A simple two-way valve that is used to turn all or part of a fluid power system on or off. |
| shuttle valve | A type of fluid valve that is used when the control of an actuator must be shared between two independently operated directional control valves. |
| single-acting cylinder | A common type of linear actuator that is controlled by fluid pressure in one direction only; a return stroke occurs automatically. |
| solenoid | An electromechanical device that uses the principles of electromagnetism to control the motion of an actuator. |
| standard | A reference developed by an authority or through general consent and used as a basis for comparison and verification. |
| T-connector | A fluid power component that is used to join three separate transmission lines in a pneumatic or hydraulic system. |
| transmission line | A pipe or tube that serves as a connection between two fluid power components. |
| turbulent flow | Fluid flow that exhibits random fluctuations in speed, direction, and pressure. |
| vacuum generator | A pneumatic device that incorporates a Venturi tube to generate suction by accelerating the flow of compressed air. |
| valve | Any device that is used to control the flow of fluid. |
| variable-displacement pump | A type of hydraulic pump that allows the user to increase or decrease the fluid flow rate. |
| Venturi effect | The reduction in fluid pressure that occurs as a fluid flows through the constricted section of a pipe. |
| viscosity | A measure of a fluid's thickness or resistance to flow. |
| volume | The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or enclosed within a container. |
| working line | A transmission line that is used to transport fluid to and from an actuator or any device that performs work in a fluid power system. |
Created by:
thomas64820
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