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BJU Biology - Ch 17
BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allantois | An embryonic membrane in an amniotic egg that serves for respiration and excretion for the embryo; in humans, becomes part of the umbilical cord. |
| amnion | A thin, membranous sac enclosing a developing reptile, bird, or mammal. |
| amniotic egg | An egg that has a leathery or hard shell in which the embryo is enclosed by an amnion. |
| amphibian | A member of the class Amphibia. |
| appendicular skeleton | The bones of the pelvic and pectoral girdles and their appendages. |
| artery | Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
| atrium | One of the heart chambers that receives blood from different parts of the body. |
| axial skeleton | The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk. |
| behavior | The way an animal responds to its environment. |
| capillary | A blood vessel that has walls one cell thick where diffusion of nutrients and exchange of gases occurs. |
| carapace | The dorsal part of a tortoise's body shell. |
| carnivorous | An animal that eats other animals. |
| cerebellum | A part of the brain; monitors and adjusts body activities involving muscle tone, body posture, and equilibrium. |
| cerebrum | The part of the brain containing major motor and sensory centers; controls voluntary muscle activity ; the area of conscious activity. |
| chordate | A member of the phylum Chordata. |
| chorion | In an amniotic egg, an embryonic membrane that becomes closely joined to the inner surface of the egg membrane; in humans, becomes part of the placenta. |
| chromatophore | A skin cell that contains pigments. |
| conditioned behavior | A behavioral response learned by experience. |
| constriction | A method of suffocating prey by squeezing it. |
| ectothermic | Not able to maintain a constant body temperature; body temperature varies with the temperature of the environment. |
| endothermic | Able to maintain a constant body temperature. |
| eustachian tube | One of the tubes leading from the pharynx to the middle-ear space to equalize air pressure. |
| fang | A hollow, needlelike tooth of a reptile used to inject venom into prey. |
| gill slit | One of the external openings into gills found in some jaw-less and cartilaginous fish. |
| gills | The respiratory structure in aquatic organisms through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. |
| hemoglobin | The red pigment of erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| hemotoxin | Venom that affects blood cells. |
| herbivorous | An animal that eats plants. |
| inborn behavior | A pattern of reaction and response that the organism has inherited and does not need to learn. |
| intelligence | Behavior marked by the ability to use knowledge to manipulate the environment or to communicate. |
| iris | The colored portion of the eye. |
| Jacobson's organ | Sensory pit used by a reptile to detect chemicals in the air. |
| keratin | A tough, fibrous protein found in reptile scales, bird feathers, and mammal and human hair. |
| kidney | The organ in most vertebrates that filters waste from the blood and excretes it in a liquid called urine. |
| lateral line | A canal running the length of a fish's body that detects vibrations in the water. |
| lung | A structure for the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood of an organism. |
| medulla oblongata | A part of the brain; the relay center between spinal cord and brain; contains several reflex centers. |
| mesentery | Any of the transparent membranes that surround body organs and attach them to the body wall. |
| metamorphosis | A change in shape or form that an animal undergoes in its development from egg to adult. |
| mucus | A slimy substance on the surface of mucous membranes and on the exterior of many fish and aquatic animals. |
| notochord | A tough, flexible rod of cartilage, usually located along the dorsal side of an animal; supports the animal's body. |
| nerve cord | Length of nerve tissue that connects the brain to the rest of a chordate's body. |
| neurotoxin | Venom that affects the nervous system. |
| nictitating membrane | A thin, transparent membrane that protects the eye and keeps it moist. |
| omnivorous | An animal that eats both plants and animals. |
| oviparous | Describing a method of reproduction in which young develop within eggs that are laid and hatched outside the body of the parent. |
| ovoviviparous | Describing a method of reproduction in which young develop within the egg that hatches in the body of the parent. |
| olfactory lobe | A part of the brain that receives impulses from smell receptors in the nostrils. |
| operculum | A plate that covers the gills of a fish. |
| optic lobe | A division of the brain that receives impulses from the eyes. |
| pharyngeal pouches | Folds of skin along the neck region of vertebrate embryos that develop either into structures of the lower face, neck, and upper chest or into gill openings. |
| plastron | The ventral part of the turtle's bony shell. |
| pupil | The circular opening in the iris of the eye. |
| quadrate bone | A snake bone loosely attached to the skull and the jaw that enables the snake to open its mouth wide. |
| reptile | A member of the class Reptilia. |
| scale | A small body-covering plate on fish and reptiles. |
| scute | One of the broad scales on a snake's belly that aids in movement. |
| septum | The muscular wall separating the chambers of either side of the heart. |
| shell | The outer covering of an amniotic egg. |
| spawn | In aquatic animals, to lay eggs. |
| swim bladder | A structure found in many fish that enables them to float. |
| tadpole | The larval stage of most frogs and toads. |
| trachea | A tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi. |
| tympanic membrane | A circular membranous structure that serves to transmit sound vibrations to an ear cavity; the eardrum. |
| vein | Any blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart. |
| ventricle | The chamber of the heart that pushes blood into the arteries. |
| vertebra | One of the bones or cartilaginous segments of the vertebral column. |
| vertebrate | An animal that possesses a backbone or vertebral column; a member of the subphylum Vertebrata. |
| viviparous | Describing a method of reproduction in which the young are born alive after being nourished in the uterus through a placenta. |
| vocal sac | One of a pair of sacs in the mouth region of male frogs; used in sound production. |
| yolk sac | The membrane that contains the yolk in an amniotic egg. |
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marchscience
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