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Cell Division Review
Cell cycle, asexual vs sexual reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is it advantageous for cells to be small? | Because they can quickly receive nutrients and get rid of wastes. |
| What happens to cells when they become too large? | They divide. |
| What is asexual reproduction? | A type of reproduction that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. |
| What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction? | Genetic diversity |
| What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes? | Chromatin is when DNA and proteins called histones are loosely coiled in the nucleus. Chromosomes are when the DNA and histones are tightly coiled up into X-shaped packages. |
| Why do cells need to wrap up their DNA in chromosomes? | Chromosomes make it possible to precisely separate DNA during cell division. |
| What are the stages of the cell cycle? | G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase |
| What part of the cell cycle is when cells divide? | The M phase- mitosis |
| Describe what happens in each of the phases of the cell cycle- G1, S, and G2 | G1 phase is when cells grow in size, make proteins and organelles. S phase is when the cell synthesizes a copy of its DNA. G2 phase is when the cell prepares for division. |
| What are the phases of mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cytokinesis is not part of mitosis phase. |
| What happens in prophase? | DNA condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and centrioles move apart, sending out spindle fibers. |
| What happens in metaphase? | The chromosomes are lined up by the spindle fibers in the middle of the cell. The centrioles are now at opposite poles of the cell. |
| What happens during anaphase? | The chromosomes are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell. Each chromosome contains the same information. |
| What happens during telophase? | The chromosomes begin to relax into chromatin as the nuclear membrane re-forms. The spindle fibers shorten. |
| What happens during cytokinesis? | In animals, a cleavage furrow forms because of constricting microtubules. This pinches the cells apart, each with the right amount of DNA. In plants, vesicles fuse in the center between the cells to form a new cell wall. |
| What regulates the cell cycle (keeps it from getting out of control)? | A protein called cyclin, as well as growth factors that tell the cell when it is appropriate to divide. |
| Describe what happens during apoptosis. | Once triggered, the cell and its chromatin shrink, organelles are broken down into small parts, and the cell blebs off. It is eaten by neighboring cells. |
| What is cancer? | Cancer is when cells have lost the ability to stop dividing. |
| What makes a tumor malignant? | Malignant tumors invade and destroy surrounding tissue, even getting into the blood stream (metastasis). |
| What causes cancer? | Genetic defects, often those that take away the checks that tell the cell to stop dividing. |
| What is differentiation? | The process by which cells become specialized. |
| What is the difference between a totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cell? | Totipotent cells can become any cell; pluripotent cells can become most other cell types; multipotent cells can only become one specific type of cell. |
Created by:
jdesrochers
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