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Higher Human 1.2

1.2- Structure and Replication of DNA

QuestionAnswer
What process is used to amplify DNA? PCR
What is the third stage of PCR? DNA is heated to between 70-80 degrees
During PCR, why is DNA heated to between 70-80 degrees? For heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate region of DNA
What is the first stage of PCR? DNA is heated to between 92-98 degrees
During PCR, why is DNA heated to between 92-98 degrees? To separate strands
What is the second stage of PCR? DNA is cooled to between 50-65 degrees
During PCR, why is DNA cooled to between 50-65 degrees? To allow primers to bind
What components create DNA Nucleotides? Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, base
In DNA, what pairs with Adenine? Thymine
The base sequence of DNA forms the Genetic code
What bonds form between bases? Hydrogen
In DNA, what pairs with cytosine? Guanine
What is the primary enzyme needed for DNA replication? DNA polymerase
What does DNA polymerase need to start replication? Primer
What is a primer? A short strand of nucleotides
Where do primers bind? 3’ end of template DNA
What do primers allow to happen? Polymerase to add DNA nucleotides
What needs to happen to form 2 template strands? DNA is unwound and hydrogen bonds between bases are broken
What DNA strand is replicated continuously? Leading
What enzyme is used to join fragments of DNA together? Ligase
What DNA strand is replicated in fragments? Lagging
What is replicated in fragments because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in one direction lagging
What strand is replicated in fragments because DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in both direction leading
Created by: mackas89
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