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Science Quarterly
| Color of a mineral | The color of a mineral. It can very. |
| Hardness of a mineral | You use Moh's Hardness Scale to rank (1-10) the hardness of the mineral. |
| The softest mineral | Talc |
| Luster of a mineral | The luster is how light reflects off of the mineral. |
| Streak of a mineral | The streak of a mineral is the color of the mineral's powder. You can scratch it against a streak plate and the powder may not be the same color as the mineral. |
| The hardest mineral | Diamond |
| Sedimentary rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plant and animals are pressed and cemented together. |
| Metamorphic rock | A type of rock that forms from an existing that is changed by heat, pressure, or a chemical reaction. |
| Igneous rock | A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. |
| The three different types of evidence that supported the Continental Drift Theory | Fossils, mountain ranges, and climate |
| Ocean Trench | An undersea valley that represents one of the deepest parts of the ocean |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge | An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean |
| Subduction | The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary |
| Divergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other |
| Convergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other |
| Transform Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions |
| Compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions in a sideways movement |
| A tsunami and what causes it | A wave or series of waves produced by an earthquake, landslide, or and ocean floor uplift |
| Active | Volcanoes that are still erupting. They are the more immediate threat. |
| Dormant | It's like a sleeping volcano - it poses little threat, but it could re-awaken someday |
| Extinct | A volcano that causes very little threat of eruption |
| Magma | A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle (under the surface) |
| Lava | Liquid magma that reaches the surface |
| Constructive Force | Something that keeps going on and does not slow down; it builds up the land |
| Destructive Force | Something that slows down; it destroys the land |
| Constructive Force example | A volcano - The ash enriches the soil and gives plants more nutrients |
| Destructive Force example | A drought - No rainfall (slowing down) for a long time causes very dry land |
| Sea-Floor spreading | The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor (Linked with Mid-Ocean ridge) |
| Continental crust | We live on this type of crust and it is much thicker. It is made out of granite and it is less dense. It is under continents. |
| Oceanic crust | This type of crust is more dense and it's made of basalt. It's also thinner and it's under the ocean. |
| A mineral | A naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| Characteristics of a mineral (There are 5) | Naturally occurring, solid, formed by inorganic processes, crystal structure, definite chemical composition. |
| The rock cycle | A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another. |
| Tension | It pulls rock apart and stretches it to make it thinner in the middle |
| An earthquake and what causes it | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. When two plate boundaries get stuck together and can't move, it could cause this. |
| Fossils | Fossils of plants and animals of the same kind were found on many different continents |
| Mountain ranges | Mountain ranges that seemed to line up |
| Climate | Earth's continents had experienced different climates than the ones they have today |
| What can occur at a divergent boundary | Valleys can form and mid-ocean ridges usually occur here |
| What can occur at a convergent boundary | Mountains can be formed and subduction can occur, which could lead to a volcano forming |
| What can occur at a transform boundary | Earthquakes are common and tsunamis can also occur because of the earthquakes |
| Eruptions | High silica magma - Explosive eruption (Hot and sticky) Low silica magma - Quiet eruption |
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