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Biochemistry Review

Basic chemistry review

QuestionAnswer
What is an atom? What 3 parts make up the atom? An atom is the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. The three parts are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is an isotope? An isotope is an atom that has more or less neutrons than normal. Some of these are radioactive (Carbon 14).
What is an ion? An ion is an atom that has either gained or lost electrons. An atom that has gained electrons is called an anion (negatively charged) and an atom that has lost electrons is called a cation (positively charged).
Can you find isotopes or ions on the periodic table? No, only elements.
What is an ionic bond? Give an example. An ionic bond is where one atom loses an electron, becoming more positive, and another atom gains that electron, becoming more negative. The opposite charges attract the two together, creating a compound. NaCl is sodium chloride, or table salt.
What is a covalent bond? A covalent bond is a bond formed when two or more atoms share their valence electrons.
What are the properties of water? Polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, heat capacity, universal solvent, buffer.
Explain why water is polar. Water is polar because the oxygen molecule attracts electrons from the hydrogen molecules. Thus, the hydrogen electrons spend more time around the oxygen, giving it a slight negative charge. This leaves the hydrogen molecules with slightly positive.
What is cohesion? Cohesion is the ability to stick together. Water can stick to itself because of hydrogen bonds.
What is adhesion? Adhesion is the ability of molecules to stick to unlike things. Water can stick to things like glass because of hydrogen bonds.
What is hydrogen bonding? Hydrogen bonding occurs in water because water is polar. Having a positive end and negative end, these ends attract the opposite charge, creating a weak bond.
Why does water have a high capacity to hold heat? Water has a high capacity to hold heat because the energy used to heat the water has to break the hydrogen bonds before water can evaporate.
Why is water called a 'universal solvent'? Because water has positive and negative ends, it is able to dissolve positively and negatively charged substances.
What is a buffer? A buffer is a substance that resists changes in its pH.
What is the pH scale? A scale from 0 to 14 reflecting the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in a solution.
What does it mean to be acidic? The more acidic a solution is, the more hydrogen [H+] ions it contains.
What does it mean to be basic? The more basic a solution is, the more hydroxide ions [OH-] it contains.
You have a solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Is this solution basic or acidic? NaOH contains more OH- ions, so it is basic.
You are using a solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl. Does it contain more hydrogen [H+] ions, or more hydroxide [OH-] ions? Its formula is HCl, and it is acidic, so it contains more hydrogen [H+] ions.
Created by: jdesrochers
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