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Chapter 1

Organization of the body

QuestionAnswer
Anatomy: Science of the structure of an organism and relation to its parts
Gross Anatomy: Study of the body and its parts in relation to only what the EYE can see
Microscopic Anatomy and its Subdivisions Study of body parts under a microscope. Cytology: Study of cells. Histology: Study of tissues
Pathological anatomy: Study of diseased body structures
Systemic anatomy: Study of the body by systems
Physiology: Science of the function of organisms
Subdivisions of Physiology: Organism Involved (Plant or Human) Organizational level (Molecular or Cellular) Systemic Function (respiratory physiology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology)
Levels of organization: Chemical Level (atoms, molecules, macro molecules), Organelle Level (mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum), Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, System Level, Organism Level
Seven Levels of Organization: Chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organs, systems, organisms
Four major tissue types: Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
3 organelles: Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria
11 major organ systems: Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, reproductive, urinary, digestive, respiratory, lymphatic/immune
Anatomical Position: Reference position, body erect, arms at side, palms facing forward, head and feet pointing forward
Bilateral symmetry: A term meaning that left and right sides of the body are mirror images.
Ipsilateral: Structures are on the same side of the body in anatomical position
Contralateral: Structures are on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position
Ventral Body and subdivisions: Thoracic Cavity: Right and left plural cavities, and mediastinum Abdominopelvic Cavity: Abdominal and Pelvic cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity and subdivisions: Cranial Cavity, and Spinal cavity
Axial Body Region Subdivision: Head, neck, torso (trunk) and subdivsions (everything important)
Appendicular Body Region Subdivision: Upper extremity and subdivsions, lower extremity and subdivisions (everything less important)
Abdominopelvic Regions: Right hypochondriac region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, , left lumbar region, right iliac region, left iliac region, hypogastric region, epigastric region, umbilical region
Abdominal Regions: Right upper quadrant, Left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
Define Anatomical Position and its importance: Anatomical position is body erect, palms forward. This is important because its a point of reference
Identify the two major body cavities and subdivisions of each Ventral: Thoracic Cavity, right and left plural cavities, and mediastinum Abdominalpelvic: Abdomen and pelvic cavities Dorsal: Spinal and cranial cavity
Name the 2 major subdivisions of the body Axial subdivision, and appendicular subdivision
Superior/Inferior: Superior: Towards the head (above) Inferior: Towards the feed (below)
Anterior(ventral)/Posterior (dorsal) Anterior: "front" or "infront of" Posterior: "behind" or "behind of"
Medial/Lateral Medial: Towards the middle of the body Lateral: Towards the side of the body, or away from the midline
Proximal/Distal Proximal: towards or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest point of orgin of one of its parts Distal: Away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or point of origin.
Superficial/Deep Superficial: near the surface Deep: deeper in body
Terms related to organs Lumen, central and peripheral, medullary and cortical, apical and basal
Three main body planes: Sagittal, Frontal, and transverse
Sagittal Runs front to back so that sections through this plane, divide the body in right and left sides
Frontal Runs lengthwise (side to side) so that the body is divided in to anterior or posterior parts
Transverse "Crosswise" plane, divides the body in to upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts
What is an anatomical rosette, and how is it used? Essentially a compass used to help better understand medical pictures.
Created by: Danielmcphedran
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