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Biology Chapters 1-2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the steps of the scientific method? | Theory, Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment ,Conclusion |
| Spontaneous Generation | Generation when people thought that things can turn into other things |
| Fact | A thing proved to be true. |
| Law | Unarguable and unchangable |
| Variable | Factors that change in an experience; you can only change one variable at a time to see how it works |
| 5 Characteristics of Living Things (ROGER) | Organization, Energy, Growth, Reproduction, Response/Adaptation |
| Organization | Starting small, and getting bigger cell wise |
| Organization steps | Atoms,Cells,Tissue,Organ,Organ system,Individual organism,Population-1 species,Community- multiple species,Ecosystem-includes non living things,Biome-major habitat ex: Forest, tundra,Biosphere-Earth |
| Symbiosis | Relationships in which species depend on each other |
| Mutualism | Both species benefit from the relationship |
| Commensalism | One animal benefits, but the other one is neither benefited nor bothered |
| Parasitism | Benefits one but hurts the other |
| Sugars | Small,simple carbohydrates |
| Monosaccharides | One sugar |
| Disaccharides | Two sugars |
| Polysaccharides | Many sugars |
| Where do animals store energy? | In polysaccharides called glycogen |
| Where do plants store energy? | In polysaccharides called starch |
| Plants form sugar and... | Cellulose |
| Cellulose | A carbohydrate that is structural in plant cell walls |
| What are the 4 biomolecules? | Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Protiens |
| 5 Kinds of Lipids (FWOPS) | Fat, Waxes, Oils, Phospholipids, Steroids |
| Fat | Long-term energy storage, Insulation-Fat that protects us from cold |
| Waxes | Protection, against water |
| Oils | Long-term energy storage |
| Phospholipids | Structural, forms the membrane that surrounds cells Helps decide what goes in and out |
| Steriods | Structural and control Cholesterol part of the membranes that surrounds cells |
| Proteins | Large, complex molecules composed of smaller molecules called amino acids |
| How many amino acids are used to make protien? | 20 |
| Protien functions (Mister Ned) | Movement, Structure Transportation, Regulation, Nutrition, Defense |
| Nucleic Acids | Large complex molecules that carry Genetic Information DNA and RNA, The “Blueprint” of cells |
| A combination of elements is called... | A compound |
| Atom | The fundamental unit of all elements. |
| The atom is comprised of... | Protons(+) Electrons(-) Neutrons(o) |
| Ion | An atom of an element that has lost or gained an electron |
| An atom that loses an electron... | Becomes a positive ion |
| An atom that gains an electron... | Becomes a negative ion |
| An element will usually have the same number of what, to balance out? | Electrons as Protons |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that always have the same number of Protons Atoms of the same element that can have a different number Neutrons |
| When an isotope has an unstable nucleus, what happens? | It can break apart and give off energy, radiation |
| Chemical bonds hold atoms together to form... | Compounds |
| Ionic Bond | Transfer of electrons |
| Covalent Bond | Sharing of electrons |
| Nonpolar covalent bonds | Are shared equally |
| Polar covalent bonds | Are not shared equally |
| Chemical Reactions | When one or more substances are changed into a new substance by breaking or forming chemical bonds |
| What can be used to speed up a chemical reaction? | Heat, or a catalyst, or both;) |
| What is needed to either form or break chemical bonds? | Energy |
| Catalyst | A substance (protein) that speeds up or slows down a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction |
| Living organisms use proteins catalysts called... | Enzymes |
| Metabolism | The combination of all of the chemical changes that take place in an organism. Needed to obtain and use energy to perform body functions |
| Homeostasis | The tendency of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions (Internal balance system) |
| Two components in a solution | Solute (ex: sugar) and Solvent (ex: water) |
| Hydrogen bonds | Weak chemical bonds between Hydrogen and other atoms |
| Cohesion | Water molecules “sticking together” Produces surface tension which causes a boundary to form on the surface of the water |
| Water molecules cling to each other through... | Hydrogen bonds |
| Expansion | Water expands as it freezes Expansion makes frozen water less dense than liquid water, therefore ice floats |
| What happens to an ionic compound when placed in water? | The compound breaks apart and releases ions |
| A compound that releases Hydrogen (H+) is called | Acid |
| A compound that releases Hydroxide (OH-) is called | Base |
| A compound that releases neither (H+) or (OH-) is called | Salt |
| The pH scale (potential Hydrogen) | The standard measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)present in a solution |
| The pH scale ranges from... | 0-14 with lower numbers being acidic, and higher numbers being basic |
| 7 on the pH scale is what? | Neutral. Pure Water |
| Almost all chemical reactions take place in a pH between... | 6-8 |
Created by:
Brooklynite
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