Question 1

Where is the strait of Gibraltar?

Accepted Answer

It is the strait that separates between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 2

Where is the strait of Marsala (Sicily)?

Accepted Answer

It separates between the eastern and western basins of the Med. Sea.

Question 3

How many countries touch the Mediterranean Sea?

Accepted Answer

22

Question 4

What connects the Mediterranean with the Red Sea?

Accepted Answer

The Suez canal.

Question 5

What connects the Black sea with the Mediterranean?

Accepted Answer

The Dardanelles.

Question 6

Abyssal Zone

Accepted Answer

Depth of a body of water to which no light reaches--the zone is in perpetual darkness and no photosynthesis takes place.

Question 7

As you move eastward from the Strait of Gibraltar:

Accepted Answer

Temperature, evaporation and salinity go up and currents, nutrients and primary production go down.

Question 8

The Barcelona Convention

Accepted Answer

Aims to reduce pollution in the Mediterranean Sea and protect the marine environment.

Question 9

Lessepsian Migration refers to:

Accepted Answer

Organisms that migrate into the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez canal.

Question 10

Israel's Mediterranean shore is:

Accepted Answer

190 km long, 85% sandy, 15% rocky, כורכר mostly with גיר in the north.

Question 11

Pelagic Zone

Accepted Answer

Open water area.

Question 12

Benthic Zone

Accepted Answer

The floor of the body of water.

Question 13

Intertidal zone aka Littoral zone

Accepted Answer

The area between the high tide mark (only under water during high tide) and the low tide mark (almost always submergerd).

Question 14

Spring Tide

Accepted Answer

Maximum tide that results from the allignment of the sun moon and earth during the new/full moon--letting the sun reinforce the tidal force from the moon.

Question 15

Neap Tide

Accepted Answer

When the moon is in the first or third quarter, the sun and moon are separated by 90 degree and the solar gravitational force partially cancels out that of the moon resulting in a minimum tide.

Question 16

Intertidal animals

Accepted Answer

Must adapt to constantly changing conditions as a result of their unstable habitat.

Question 17

Tidal cycles

Accepted Answer

There are 2 high tides and 2 low tides per day varying at a range of 20-25 cm.

Question 18

Belting חיגור

Accepted Answer

Levels of littoral zones including the superlittoral (always dry), littoral and sublittoral (always submerged). The different conditions affect the type of flora/fauna that can occupy a particular region.

Question 19

טבלת הגידוד

Accepted Answer

Habitat of tide pools created from holes in the rocks on the shore as a result of the tide wearing them away. They remain full even when the tide recedes.

Question 20

Abiotic contributing factors to the habitat

Accepted Answer

Solar radiation, salinity, temperature, dryness, wave breaks, oxygen concentration

Question 21

Biotic contributing factors to the habitat

Accepted Answer

Predators, competition over living space or competition over food

Question 22

פלט ים

Accepted Answer

The stuff that washes up on the shore--including shells and dead and life animals. We need to ask why there are so many dead נעמית found in the פלט and so few live ones found in the ocean

Question 23

Problems on Sandy Beaches

Accepted Answer

Sand is not a constant environment, there is a lack of oxygen and the waves can be harsh. Also the sand (which is made of silica) can cause physical damage to the animals.

Question 24

Animals that have solved the sandy beach problems

Accepted Answer

Some bivalves bury themselves in the sand and have siphons for collecting food/oxygen from the water.

Question 25

Species variability in sand

Accepted Answer

It is lower than in rocky environments because the structural complexity of the habitat is meager.

Question 26