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Chabner LOM Ch. 10
Chabner LOM Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| Astrocyte | A type of glial cell, connective, supporting cell |
| Autonomic nervous system | Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands and internal organs |
| Axon | Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell |
| Blood-brain barrier | Blood vessels that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out |
| Brainstem | Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. Includes the pons and medulla oblongata |
| Cauda equina | Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord |
| Cell body | Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus |
| CNS | Brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebellum | Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance |
| Cerebral cortex | Outer region of the cerebrum; gray matter of the brain |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain; voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory |
| Dendrite | Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse |
| Dura Mater | Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
| Ganglion | A cell that lines the fluid filled sacs of the brain and spinal cord |
| Glial cells | Cells in the nervous system that do not carry impulses but are supportive and connective in function. Ex. astrocytes, microglial cells, oligodendroglia |
| Hypothalamus | Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland |
| Medulla oblongata | The part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat and the size of blood vessels |
| Meninges | Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| Motor nerves | Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs |
| Myelin sheath | Fatty tissue that surrounds, protects and insulates the axon of a nerve cell; they are white (white matter) |
| Nerve | Macroscopic structure consisting of axons and dendrites in bundles like strands of rope |
| Neuron | A nerve cell; carries impulses throughout the body |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell. |
| Oligodendroglial cell | Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons |
| Parasympathetic nerves | Involuntary, autonomic nerves that help regulate body functions like heart rate and respiration |
| Parenchyma | Essential, distinguishing cells of an organ; neurons are the parenchymal tissue of the brain |
| Peripheral nervous system | Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves |
| Pia mater | Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges |
| Plexus | Large, interlacing network of nerves |
| Pons | A bridge connecting various parts of the brain |
| Receptor | Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves within the body. Ex. skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors |
| Sensory nerves | Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor |
| Stimulus | Change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response |
| Stroma | Connective and supporting tissue of an organ; glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain |
| Sulcus | Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex |
| Sympathetic nerves | Autonomic nerves that influence body functions involuntarily in times of stress |
| Synapse | The space through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another cell |
| Thalamus | Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum |
| Ventricles of the brain | Reservoirs in the interior of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid |
Created by:
misstwinkle
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