Question 1

WHAT ARE STANDARD PRECAUTION?

Accepted Answer

PG170
Barrier protection from blood and body fluids
 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
 Safe injection practices
 Hand hygiene

Question 2

Transmission-Based Precautions INCLUDE?

Accepted Answer

Airborne
Small particle or evaporated droplets or dust
Negative pressure isolation room

Question 3

Droplet INCLUDE::

Accepted Answer

 Large-particle droplets (sneeze, cough, speech, cry)

Question 4

Contact:

Accepted Answer

Exercise judgment with gloves, gowns, masks

Question 5

NURSE MUST:

Accepted Answer

  vaccine information and anticipatory guidance to 
parents and caregivers
documentation is complete

Question 6

NURSE MUST:

Accepted Answer

KNOW chedule (annually updateD
 Be prepared for ADR
 Be aware of contraindiCTN and precTN
parental consent prior to administration
 Provide safe administration

Question 7

LIVE VACCINE?

Accepted Answer

MMR AND CHICKENPOX-VARICELLA
NOT GIVEN UNTIL 1 YEAR

Question 8

Communicable Diseases INCLUDE

Accepted Answer

NURSE ROLE
Familiarity with infectious agents 
 Recognize potential disease during history and exam
 Institute appropriate preventive and supportive 
measures (isolation)

Question 9

Suspect Communicable Disease?

Accepted Answer

Obtain careful history:
 Known exposure?
 Community exposure?
 Prodromal symptoms
 Fever
 Rash
 Early clinical manifestations

Question 10

IMZ ?

Accepted Answer

Immunization –are they up to date?
 History of having disease 
 History of comorbidity/risk factors
 Institute precautions, provide comfort and support, 
document findings

Question 11

WHAT IS CHICKEN POX?
Agent: varicella-zoster virus

Accepted Answer

 Transmission: Direct contact and respiratory secretions
 Clinical manifestations: 
 Prodromal stage—slight fever, malaise. 
 Pruritic rash begins a macule vesicle then erupts 
 Rash is typically centripetal extremities, face

Question 12

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT ?

Accepted Answer

reatment: Supportive
 Precautions: Standard
 Child is contagious a day before rash appears and until 
vesicles are crusted
 Prevention: Secondary skin infection and complications

Question 13

Diphtheria

Accepted Answer

Agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
 Transmission: Direct contact 
 Clinical manifestations: URI-like symptoms which progress. 
 “Bull’s neck”
 White or gray mucous membranes, fever, cough

Question 14

TREATMENT INCLUDE

Accepted Answer

Treatment: Antibiotics, bed rest, and support
 Precautions: Droplet

Question 15

Erythema Infectiosum  IS

Accepted Answer

Agent: Human herpesvirus type 6
 Transmission: probably droplet or direct contact
 Clinical manifestations: 
 Persistent fever for 3-7 days in child who is otherwise well 
appearing
 “Slapped Cheek” appearance
 Mild URI symptoms, cough

Question 16

TREATMENT FOR ERYTHMA INCLUDE:

Accepted Answer

 Treatment: Supportive care
 Precautions: Standard
SLAP-CHEEK
FEVER GOES AWAY, THEN RASH COME 1-3 WEEKS LATER

Question 17

WHAT IS Exanthem Subitum(Roseola)?

Accepted Answer

Agent: Two common strains of the herpes virus cause 
roseola. 
Source: saliva, nasal secretions
The condition typically causes several days of fever, 
followed by a rash

Question 18

SYMPTOMS:
Develop swollen lymph nodes in his or her neck along 
with the fever. The fever lasts three to five days.

Accepted Answer

Roseola typically starts with a sudden, high fever — 
often greater than 103 F (39.4 C). Sore throat, runny 
nose or cough along with or preceding the fever.
FEVER GOES AWAY, RASH COMES

Question 19

WHAT IS Measles (Rubeola)?

Accepted Answer

LIVE
Agent: Viral
Transmission: Direct contact from respiratory system
Clinical manifestations: 
 Prodromal state: fever, malaise coryza, cough, 
conjunctivitis
 “Koplick Spots” on mucosa
 Rash appears on day 3-4 of illness

Question 20

TREATMENT FOR MEASLE?

Accepted Answer

Treatment: Antibiotics, bed rest, and support
Precautions: Airborne if in hospital until day 5 of rash

Question 21

WHAT IS Pertussis (Whooping Cough)?
HORRIBLE FOR CHILDREN-Agent: Bordetella pertussis

Accepted Answer

 Transmi Direct contact from droplets
 Clinical manifestations: 
 Catarrhal stage: URI symptoms 1-2 weeks
 Paroxysma stage: short, rapid cough bought followed by 
high-pitched crowing, “whoop” or gasp 4-6 weeks cyanosis 
may occur during episode

Question 22

TREATMENT FOR PERTUSIS?

Accepted Answer

Treatment: Prevention
 Supportive during hospitalization with suction, humidity, 
careful oral feeding, and hydration
 Precautions: Droplet

Question 23

WHAT IS RUBELLA?

Accepted Answer

Agent: Rubella virus
Transmission: Direct contact from droplets 
Clinical manifestations: Low-grade fever, headache, 
malaise, sore throat, RASH 
Treatment: Supportive care
Precautions: Droplet

Question 24

WHAT IS Scarlet Fever?
Agent: Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci

Accepted Answer

 Transmission: Direct contact from droplets
 Clinical manifestations: 
 Prodromal stage: abrupt high fever, halitosis
 Enanthema: tonsils large, edematous, covered with exudate
 “Strawberry tongue”
 Exanthema: sandpaper-like pink rash

Question 25

WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR SCRLET FEVER?

Accepted Answer

Treatment: Penicillin and supportive care
 Precautions: Droplet until 24 hrs of ABX

Question 26

WHAT IS Influenza (Flu)?

Accepted Answer

Agent: Influenza Virus (varies from year to year)
Transmission: Direct contact 
Clinical manifestations: 
 Abrupt Fever
 URI-like symptoms which progress
 Malaise, anorexia

Question 27

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR FLU?

Accepted Answer

Treatment: PREVENTION, antiviral treatment if 
detected early, supportive care
TREAT OTHER CHILDREN IN FAMILY
DRINK ALOT OF FLUID
Precautions: Droplet

Question 28

WHAT IS BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?
NONVACCINE

Accepted Answer

PINK EYES, PURULENT DRAINAGE
NURSE I:
NOT TOUCH EYE WITH DROPPER
TREAT BOTH EYE

Question 29

VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS? IS?

Accepted Answer

NURSE I:
COLD COMPRESS CLEAN OUT

Question 30

WHAT IS STOMATITIS?

Accepted Answer

THERE ARE TRO TYPE
 Aphthous ulcers(ulcers, 
canker sores) benign
 Herpetic 
gingivostomatitis(HSV)
 Hand/foot/mouth

Question 31

WHAT TREATMENT FOR STOMATITIS?

Accepted Answer

IT IS FOR RELIEVE, NOT CURING
 Aphthous ulcers(ulcers, 
canker sores) benign
 Herpetic 
gingivostomatitis(HSV)
 Hand/foot/mouth
PEDIALYTE, POPSICLE, MILKSHAKE

Question 32

WHAT IS Giardiasis?
INTERSTINAL PARASITES

Accepted Answer

Agent: Protozoan Giardia 
intestinalis
 Transmission: Direct contact 
with contaminated water or 
food
 Treatment: Flagyl or 
Tindamax and prevention of 
reoccurrence, WASH HANDS

Question 33

WHAT IS Enterobiasis  (Pinworms)?

Accepted Answer

Agent: nematode Enterobius 
vermicularis
 Transmission: Inhalation or 
ingestion of eggs from 
contaminated hands 
 DX: Tape test

Question 34

WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR PINWORM?

Accepted Answer

 Treatment: 
 Pyrantel Pamoate or 
Albendazole × 1, then 
again in 2 weeks.
 Treat family members
 Prevention  reoccurrence

Question 35

Nursing Management:

Accepted Answer

Assist with identification, treatment, and prevention
 Fecal smears are diagnostic
 Treat family members
 Provide education and support to prevent reinfection

Question 36

WHAT ARE Bed Bugs S/S?

Accepted Answer

THEY Erythematous papule
Linear papule
Rash 
Wheal
Urticaria
:reddish-brown in color, wingless, range from 1mm to 7mm ( size of Lincoln’s head on a penny)

Question 37

WHAT ARE Bed Bugs?

Accepted Answer

are small, flat, parasitic insects that feed solely on the blood of people and animals while they sleep. THEY can live 
several months without a 
blood meal.

PEDS

CHAPTER 6-CHILDHOOD COMMUNICABLE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Question	Answer
WHAT ARE STANDARD PRECAUTION?	PG170 Barrier protection from blood and body fluids  Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette  Safe injection practices  Hand hygiene
Transmission-Based Precautions INCLUDE?	Airborne Small particle or evaporated droplets or dust Negative pressure isolation room
Droplet INCLUDE::	 Large-particle droplets (sneeze, cough, speech, cry)
Contact:	Exercise judgment with gloves, gowns, masks
NURSE MUST:	 vaccine information and anticipatory guidance to parents and caregivers documentation is complete
NURSE MUST:	KNOW chedule (annually updateD  Be prepared for ADR  Be aware of contraindiCTN and precTN parental consent prior to administration  Provide safe administration
LIVE VACCINE?	MMR AND CHICKENPOX-VARICELLA NOT GIVEN UNTIL 1 YEAR
Communicable Diseases INCLUDE	NURSE ROLE Familiarity with infectious agents  Recognize potential disease during history and exam  Institute appropriate preventive and supportive measures (isolation)
Suspect Communicable Disease?	Obtain careful history:  Known exposure?  Community exposure?  Prodromal symptoms  Fever  Rash  Early clinical manifestations
IMZ ?	Immunization –are they up to date?  History of having disease  History of comorbidity/risk factors  Institute precautions, provide comfort and support, document findings
WHAT IS CHICKEN POX? Agent: varicella-zoster virus	 Transmission: Direct contact and respiratory secretions  Clinical manifestations:  Prodromal stage—slight fever, malaise.  Pruritic rash begins a macule vesicle then erupts  Rash is typically centripetal extremities, face
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT ?	reatment: Supportive  Precautions: Standard  Child is contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted  Prevention: Secondary skin infection and complications
Diphtheria	Agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae  Transmission: Direct contact  Clinical manifestations: URI-like symptoms which progress.  “Bull’s neck”  White or gray mucous membranes, fever, cough
TREATMENT INCLUDE	Treatment: Antibiotics, bed rest, and support  Precautions: Droplet
Erythema Infectiosum IS	Agent: Human herpesvirus type 6  Transmission: probably droplet or direct contact  Clinical manifestations:  Persistent fever for 3-7 days in child who is otherwise well appearing  “Slapped Cheek” appearance  Mild URI symptoms, cough
TREATMENT FOR ERYTHMA INCLUDE:	 Treatment: Supportive care  Precautions: Standard SLAP-CHEEK FEVER GOES AWAY, THEN RASH COME 1-3 WEEKS LATER
WHAT IS Exanthem Subitum(Roseola)?	Agent: Two common strains of the herpes virus cause roseola. Source: saliva, nasal secretions The condition typically causes several days of fever, followed by a rash
SYMPTOMS: Develop swollen lymph nodes in his or her neck along with the fever. The fever lasts three to five days.	Roseola typically starts with a sudden, high fever — often greater than 103 F (39.4 C). Sore throat, runny nose or cough along with or preceding the fever. FEVER GOES AWAY, RASH COMES
WHAT IS Measles (Rubeola)?	LIVE Agent: Viral Transmission: Direct contact from respiratory system Clinical manifestations:  Prodromal state: fever, malaise coryza, cough, conjunctivitis  “Koplick Spots” on mucosa  Rash appears on day 3-4 of illness
TREATMENT FOR MEASLE?	Treatment: Antibiotics, bed rest, and support Precautions: Airborne if in hospital until day 5 of rash
WHAT IS Pertussis (Whooping Cough)? HORRIBLE FOR CHILDREN-Agent: Bordetella pertussis	 Transmi Direct contact from droplets  Clinical manifestations:  Catarrhal stage: URI symptoms 1-2 weeks  Paroxysma stage: short, rapid cough bought followed by high-pitched crowing, “whoop” or gasp 4-6 weeks cyanosis may occur during episode
TREATMENT FOR PERTUSIS?	Treatment: Prevention  Supportive during hospitalization with suction, humidity, careful oral feeding, and hydration  Precautions: Droplet
WHAT IS RUBELLA?	Agent: Rubella virus Transmission: Direct contact from droplets Clinical manifestations: Low-grade fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, RASH Treatment: Supportive care Precautions: Droplet
WHAT IS Scarlet Fever? Agent: Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci	 Transmission: Direct contact from droplets  Clinical manifestations:  Prodromal stage: abrupt high fever, halitosis  Enanthema: tonsils large, edematous, covered with exudate  “Strawberry tongue”  Exanthema: sandpaper-like pink rash
WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR SCRLET FEVER?	Treatment: Penicillin and supportive care  Precautions: Droplet until 24 hrs of ABX
WHAT IS Influenza (Flu)?	Agent: Influenza Virus (varies from year to year) Transmission: Direct contact Clinical manifestations:  Abrupt Fever  URI-like symptoms which progress  Malaise, anorexia
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR FLU?	Treatment: PREVENTION, antiviral treatment if detected early, supportive care TREAT OTHER CHILDREN IN FAMILY DRINK ALOT OF FLUID Precautions: Droplet
WHAT IS BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS? NONVACCINE	PINK EYES, PURULENT DRAINAGE NURSE I: NOT TOUCH EYE WITH DROPPER TREAT BOTH EYE
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS? IS?	NURSE I: COLD COMPRESS CLEAN OUT
WHAT IS ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS??
WHAT IS FOREIGN BOBY CONUNCTIVITIS?
WHAT IS STOMATITIS?	THERE ARE TRO TYPE Aphthous ulcers(ulcers, canker sores) benign  Herpetic gingivostomatitis(HSV)  Hand/foot/mouth
WHAT TREATMENT FOR STOMATITIS?	IT IS FOR RELIEVE, NOT CURING Aphthous ulcers(ulcers, canker sores) benign  Herpetic gingivostomatitis(HSV)  Hand/foot/mouth PEDIALYTE, POPSICLE, MILKSHAKE
WHAT IS Giardiasis? INTERSTINAL PARASITES	Agent: Protozoan Giardia intestinalis  Transmission: Direct contact with contaminated water or food  Treatment: Flagyl or Tindamax and prevention of reoccurrence, WASH HANDS
WHAT IS Enterobiasis (Pinworms)?	Agent: nematode Enterobius vermicularis  Transmission: Inhalation or ingestion of eggs from contaminated hands  DX: Tape test
WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR PINWORM?	 Treatment:  Pyrantel Pamoate or Albendazole × 1, then again in 2 weeks.  Treat family members  Prevention reoccurrence
Nursing Management:	Assist with identification, treatment, and prevention  Fecal smears are diagnostic  Treat family members  Provide education and support to prevent reinfection
WHAT ARE Bed Bugs S/S?	THEY Erythematous papule Linear papule Rash Wheal Urticaria :reddish-brown in color, wingless, range from 1mm to 7mm ( size of Lincoln’s head on a penny)
WHAT ARE Bed Bugs?	are small, flat, parasitic insects that feed solely on the blood of people and animals while they sleep. THEY can live several months without a blood meal.

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