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Food Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 6 elements in food | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur |
| 4 elements present as dissolved salts | Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine and Calcium |
| 3 trace elements | Iron, Copper and Zinc |
| 4 major biomolecules in food | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Vitamins |
| 3 elements in carbohydrates | Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) |
| 1st type of carbohydrate + example | Monosaccharide e.g. Glucose |
| 2nd type of carbohydrate + example | Disaccharide e.g. sucrose |
| Define monosaccharide | A single sugar unit, found in fruit |
| Define disaccharide | Two sugar units joined together, found in table sugar |
| 3rd type of carbohydrate + example | Polysaccharide e.g. starch |
| Define polysaccharide | Many glucose molecules joined together to form a long chain, found in bread |
| Formula for glucose | C6H12O6 |
| General formula for carbohydrates | Cx(H2 O)y, where usually x=y |
| Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates | 2:1 |
| Structural role of carbohydrates | Forms cell walls in plants e.g. cellulose, is found in vegetables |
| Metabolic role of carbohydrates | |
| Immediate source of energy e.g glucose, found in fruits, is broken down in respiration (catabolic reaction) | |
| Structural role of proteins | Combine with phospholipids to form cell membrane(lipoproteins) E.g. keratin is a structural fibrous protein in hair and nails |
| Metabolic role of proteins | All enzymes are proteins which control the chemical reactions in cells E.g. chlorophyll is a protein that traps light during photosynthesis |
| 3 elements in lipids | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen different ratio than carbs |
| 2 types of lipids | 1) Triglyceride 2) Phospholipid |
| Structural role of lipids | Phospholipids make up cell membranes Heat insulation Protection of body organs e.g. heart and kidneys |
| Metabolic role of lipids | Long term energy storage |
| 5 elements in proteins | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur |
| The smallest unit of a protein | Amino acids |
| What is a protein | A chain of amino acids |
| 2 types of vitamins | Water soluble and Fat Soluble |
| Source of vitamin C | Citrus fruits |
| Source of vitamin D | Dairy products |
| 2 minerals needed by animals | 1 - Calcium 2 - Iron |
| 2 minerals needed by plants | 1 - Calcium 2 - Magnesium |
| 4 functions of water in organisms | 1) provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place 2) regulates body temperature 3) its needed for some chemical reactions e.g. photosynthesis 4) allows movement of soluble materials in and out of cells |
| Structure of a triglyceride | 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids |
| Structure of a phospholipid | 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate |
| Examples of water soluble vitamins | B and C |
| Examples of fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E and K |
| Function of vitamin C | Building connective tissue |
| Deficiency disease of Vitamin C | Scurvy |
| Function of vitamin D | |
| Deficiency disease of Vitamin D | |
| Rickets | |
| Needed to absorb calcium for healthy bones | |
| Rickets | |
| Function of calcium in animals | Forms strong bones |
| Function of iron in animals | Used to form haemoglobin |
| Function of calcium in plants | used to form the middle lamella that cements plant cells together |
| Function of magnesium in plants | Needed to make chlorophyll |
Created by:
JJoyce03
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