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care of vascular pt
care of patients with vascular problems c 38
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arteriosclerosis | thickening/hardening of arterial wall associated with aging. |
| Atherosclerosis | formation of plaque in arterial wall and leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. |
| Hyperlipidemia | elevation of serum lipid levels |
| risk factors for atherosclerosis | low hdl-c, high ldl-c, inc. triglycerides, genetic predisposition, diabetes, obesity, sedentary, smoking, stress, african-american or hispanic. |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | triglycerides over 150 mg/dL |
| metabolic syndrom | elevated triglycerides, risk for coronary heart disease |
| homocystein | amino acid linked to development of vascular disease |
| hypertension | systolic bp at or above 140 mm Hg and/or diatolic bp at or above 90 mm Hg in people without diabetes. For diabetes patients with heart disease 130/90 |
| normal adult blood pressure | 120/80 |
| prehypertension | 120-139/80-89 |
| stage 1 hypertension | 140-159/90-99 |
| stage 2 hypertension | 160/100 |
| malignant hypertension | severe type of elevated bp that rapidly progresses. Symptoms include headaches, blurred vision, dyspnea, uremia |
| primary risk factors to hypertension | family history, high sodum intake, high calorie intake, inactivity, high alchol intake, low K+ intake |
| hypertension can be secondary to.. | renal vascular and renal parenchymal disease, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, cushing's disease, coarctation fo the aorta, brain tumors, encephalitis, psychiatric disturbances, pregnancy, drugs |
| peripheral vascular disease | disorders that change natural flow of blood through arteries and veins of the peripheral circulation. Often in the legs. |
| Intermittent claudication | leg pain, cramping, burning muscle discomfort |
| inflow disease | discomfort in lower back, buttocks or thighs |
| outflow disease | burning/cramping in calves, ankles, feet and toes |
| arterial ulcers | painful develop first on toes, between toes or upper foot. Can lead to gangreen. Small round punched out appearance well defined borders |
| ankle brachial index | used to evaluate outflow disease, compare ankle pressure to brachial pressure. Divide ankle bp by brachial bp. ABI of less than 0.9 in either leg is diagnostic of PAD |
| collateral circulation | provides blood to affected areas through small vessels that develop and compensate for occulded vessels. |
| Promote vasodilation | warmth to affected extremity and avoiding exposure to cold |
| percutaneous transluminal angioplasty | nonsurgical method to improve arterial flow by dilated artery with balloon catheter. |
| Stents | wirelike devices that are used to help keep vessels open |
| acute arterial insuffieciency symptoms | pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikiolthermia (coolness) |
| aneurysm | permanent localized dilation of an artery, enlarges to at least 2 times normal diameter. Fusiform or saccular |
| fusiform aneurysm | diffuse dilation affecting entire circumference of artery |
| saccular aneurysm | outpuching affecting a distinct portion of artery |
| true aneurysm | arterial wall weakened by congenital or acquired problems. |
| False aneurysm | result of vessel injury or trauma to all three layers of arterial wall |
| aneurysms cause symptoms by | exerting pressure on surrounding structures or rupturing |
Created by:
FSclafani
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