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8ES Chp 8:Volcanoes

8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 8: Volcanoes Coach Leach

TermDefinition
Volcano An opening in the crust of the earth through which lava, ash, and gases flow; a depositional mountain built from the accumulation of the material that flows from such an opening.
Igneous Having to do with molten or formerly molten earth materials.
Vent An opening in the earth's crust from which lava, ash and gases can escape.
Lava Molten rock that has escaped from the earth's interior.
Crater A bowl-shaped depression on an astronomical body's surface; caused by volcanoes, geysers or meteorite impact.
Pyroclastic Material Sharp, fragmented, solidified lava, including ash, cinders, bombs and blocks.
Tephra Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption.
Flood Basalt A thick layer of igneous rock that covers a large area of the earths surface; also called a basalt trap.
Shield Volcano A broad, flattened, dome-shaped volcano built up by successive quiet eruptions of runny lava.
Cinder Cone A small, steep-sided volcano made mainly of cinder-like pyroclastic materials; formed during brief, explosive emissions of cinders and ash.
Stratovolcano A medium-sized volcano built up of deposits of lava from quiet eruptions alternating with layers of pyroclastic material from explosive eruptions that shape into a tall conical landform also called a composite volcano.
Active Volcano A volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted during recorded history.
Extinct Volcano A volcano that has never erupted within historical times, shows no seismic activity, and is often heavily eroded.
Volcanic Explosivity Index An intensity scale that rates a volcano's destructiveness and explosive power on the basis of the amount of matter it ejects during an eruption.
Intrusive Volcanism This type of vulcanism refers to any process or feature that involved the forcible entry of magma into a preexisting rock formation.
Pluton An intrusive igneous feature that formed when a large volume of magma collected, cooled and solidified within a chamber in the earth's crust.
Geothermal Gradient The rate at which temperature rises with increasing depth into the earth's interior.
Geyser A hot spring that forcefully ejects hot water and steam from the ground at regular intervals.
Geothermal Energy The energy generated and stored in the earth that can be harnessed to generate electrical power and heat.
Extrusive Vulcanism This type of vulcanism is when igneous structures form on top of the earth's crust.
Dormant Volcano Often misleading as it refers to a volcano that has not erupted within recorded history but seismic activity beneath it may indicate that it could erupt in the future.
Created by: CoachLeach
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