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BJU Biology - Ch 15
BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| amoebocyte | An amoeba-like cell in a sponge's mesenchyme that produces spicules, transports food, and eliminates waste. |
| annelid | A member of the phylum Annelida; a segmented worm. |
| anus | The posterior opening of the alimentary canal for egestion of feces. |
| basal disc | The flattened structure at the lower end of certain cnidarians; used for attaching to objects and for locomotion. |
| bilateral symmetry | A body pattern that can be divided into equal halves only by a cut that passes longitudinally through the body, resulting in mirror images on each side. |
| bivalve | A mollusk from the class Bivalvia. |
| budding | A type of asexual reproduction in which portions from the par3ent organism or unicellular organism (fungi) form a new individual. |
| cephalization | The presence of a "head" region, usually containing nerve tissue and supplied with sensory organs. |
| cephalopod | A mollusk from the class Cephalopoda. |
| clitellum | The swollen region in the anterior of an earthworm; secretes the cocoon that contains the eggs. |
| closed circulatory system | A system of fluid circulation in an animal where the fluid (typically blood) remains within vessels. |
| cnidarian | A member of the phylum Cnidaria. |
| cnidocyte | A stinging cell containing a nematocyst; used by cnidarians for defense. |
| coelom | The body cavity of many animals. |
| collar cell | One of the flagellated cells that lines the inner cavity of a sponge. |
| crop | A portion of the digestive tract that temporarily stores food. |
| echinoderm | A member of the phylum Echinodermata. |
| embryonic stage | One of the stages that a fertilized embryo goes through during its development. |
| endoskeleton | An internal skeleton usually composed of bone and cartilage; characteristic of vertebrates. |
| epidermis | In animals and humans, a tissue that usually covers or lines a structure. |
| esophagus | The tube of the alimentary canal connecting the pharynx and stomach. |
| exoskeleton | A system of external plates that protect and support. |
| flame cell | A cell that possesses tufts of cilia; part of the planarian's excretory system. |
| flatworm | A member of the phylum Platyhelminthes. |
| fluke | A parasitic flatworm from the class Trematoda. |
| foot | Fleshy, muscular organ of locomotion for most mollusks. |
| ganglion | A mass of nerve tissue. |
| gastropod | A mollusk from the class Gastropoda. |
| gastrovascular cavity | The internal cavity of cnidarians where digestion and food circulation occur. |
| gemmule | In a sponge, an internal dormant cluster of cells encased in a tough spicule-reinforced covering. |
| gill | A respiratory structure in aquatic organisms through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. |
| gizzard | A thick-walled digestive organ that grinds food. |
| hermaphroditic | An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs. |
| hydrostatic skeleton | A support system in some soft-bodied animals in which water pressure keeps the body firm and enables movement through the flexing of muscles. |
| invertebrate | An animal that lacks a backbone or vertebral column. |
| larval stages | The stages of the life cycle of many animals, usually different from the adult. |
| madreporite | A sievelike structure of the starfish's water-vascular system that helps vary the pressure. |
| mantle | The sheath of tissue that covers the body of a mollusk; also secretes the shell. |
| medusa | The free-swimming, umbrella-shaped stage in the life cycle of cnidarians; reproduces sexually. |
| mesoderm | the middle tissue layer in some animals; the middle germ layer in an embryo. |
| mollusk | A member of the phylum Mollusca. |
| nematocyst | A stinging cell, characteristic of cnidarians, that contains poisonous barbs, coiled |
| nephridium | A tubelike structure that filters waste from blood. |
| nerve net | A nervous system that lacks a brain and major ganglia. |
| osculum | The opening of the sponge's body that expels water. |
| ostium | A tiny opening in the sponge's body for the intake of water. |
| parasite | An organism that obtains its nourishment by living in or on another organism. |
| pharynx | The portion of the digestive tract that connects the mouth cavity and the esophagus; also serves as the passageway for air from nose to larynx. |
| planarian | Common free-living flatworm of the class Turbellaria. |
| polyp | A sessile, tubular cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disc at the other; reproduces asexually. |
| poriferan | A member of the phylum Porifera; a sponge. |
| proglottid | A segment of a tapeworm's body. |
| radial symmetry | A body pattern that can be divided into equal halves through the center point of the body and along its length. |
| radula | A platelike structure in the pharynx of certain mollusks; composed of rows of tiny teeth. |
| roundworm | A member of the phylum Nematoda. |
| scolex | The anterior end of a tapeworm. |
| septum | One of the inner divisions of a segmented worm. |
| seta | One of the stiff bristles on a segmented worm; used for locomotion and sensation. |
| shell | The mineralized covering secreted by the mantle of some mollusks; supports and protects the body. |
| siphon | A tube in a mollusk used to draw in or expel water. |
| spherical symmetry | A body pattern that can be divided into equal halves by a cut in any direction as long as it passes through the center point of the body. |
| spicule | A sharp, pointed, supporting structure in sponges; composed of silicon or calcium compounds. |
| symmetry | A likeness in size, shape, or structure of parts of an organism. |
| tapeworm | A flatworm from the class Cestoda. |
| tegument | A protective body covering. |
| trochophore | The ciliated, free-swimming, larval stage of mollusks. |
| tube feet | Small, soft, tubular structures in echinoderms; used for locomotion and food capture; part of water-vascular system. |
| vertebrate | An animal that possesses a backbone or vertebral column; a member of the subphylum Vertebrata. |
| visceral mass | The portion of a mollusk's body that contains internal organs. |
| water-vascular system | A series of canals and tubules that are used for locomotion and food capture in echinoderms. |
| zoology | The study of animals. |
Created by:
marchscience
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