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Terminology PCT
Terminology for the PCT Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | process by which substances (including drugs) are taken up and transported to the bloodstream |
| acidosis | acid-base imbalance in which the blood becomes excessively acidic |
| addiction | pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by overwhelming involvement with the drug, securing its supply and a tendency to relapse after withdrawl |
| additive effect | when the effects of two or more drugs us equal to the sum of their individual effect |
| adverse effect | effects occuring other than the desired one, also called side effects |
| alkalosis | acid-base imbalance in which the blood becomes excessively alkalotic |
| allergen | a substance (ex. pollen) that stimulates cell responses and produces symptoms of allergy |
| analgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
| anaphylaxis | hypersensitivity reaction (allergic reaction)characterized by edema, hypertension, shortness of breath. A life threatening condition |
| anemia | blood deficency of the pigment hemoglobin, which transmits oxygen |
| anesthetic | an agent used to abolish sensation, may be local (Novocaine) or general |
| aneurysm | sac filled with blood, formed by weakness in the wall of the artery or vein |
| anorectic | a drug that depresses appetite |
| angina pectoris | attack of chest pain, caused by insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart |
| antagonist | a drug that opposes the action of another drug |
| anthelmintic | an agent that destroys or paralyzes parasitic worms |
| antibiotic | a substance produced from a living microorganism capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of another microorganism |
| anticoagulant | an agent that prevents or delays the clotting of blood |
| antihistamine | a drug that antagonizes the effect of histamine |
| antineoplastic | an agent that destroys or inhibits tumor cells |
| antipruritic | an agent that relieves itching |
| antipyretic | an agent that reduces fever |
| antiseptic | an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms and may be safely applied to living tissue |
| antispasmodic | a drug that relieves or prevents spasms |
| antitussive | a drug that relieves coughing |
| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat |
| arteriosclerosis | thickening, hardening, loss of elasticity of the veins (vessels) |
| bacteria | microorganisms that have various forms and often cause disease |
| bactericidal | capable of killing bacteria (many antibiotics) |
| bacteriostatic | inhibits the growth of bacteria, allowing the body to fight the bacteria |
| benign | conditions which do not threaten health |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of tissue for analysis |
| carcinogen | a substance that may cause cancer |
| cathartic | a drug used to stimulate bowel movements (laxatives) |
| caustic | an agent that causes burning or destruction of tissue |
| cereberal | pertaining to the brain |
| chemotherapy | treatment or prevention of disease by administering chemical agents |
| congestive heart failure | decreased ability of the heart to supply blood to tissue and organs, results in swelling in feet and ankles and fluid buildup in the lungs |
| cumulative effects | toxic effects that result from repeatedly administering a drug faster than the body can eliminate it, results in buildup of the drug |
| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| decongestant | a drug that relieves congestion and opens blocked nasal and bronchi |
| decubitis ulcer | bed sore, caused by prolonged pressure on the skin |
| dependence | altered state where continued administration of the drug is necessary to prevent physical or psychological withdrawl |
| depressant | an agent that decreases the rate at which some cellular process occurs |
| disinfectant | an agent that destroys microorganisms on inanimate objects |
| electrocardiogram | graphic record of the heart's electrical activity |
| electroencephalogram | graphic record of the brain's electrical activity |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| expectorant | an agent that decreases the viscosity of respiratory secretions |
| fibrillation | rapid, ineffectual heartbeat |
| herpes simplex | acute viral disease marked by watery blisters (cold sores, fever blisters) |
| hormone | a substance formed in one organ that is transmitted through the bloodstream to a site where it affects the function of another organ |
| hyperkinetic | abnormally increased motor funtion or activity |
| hypersensitive | tending to exhibit an abnormally increased response to a drug or agent |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| idiosyncrasy | abnormal or peculiar response to a certain drug in a particular individual |
| immunity | ability to resist or overcome infection |
| infection | invasion of the body by pathogenic oranisms |
| inflammation | reaction of tissue to injury |
| infusion | slow injection of a solution into a vein or subcutaneous tissue |
| intracardiac | route by which a drug is administered into the heart |
| inhalation | route by which the drug is administered into the lung or respiratory tract |
| intradermal | route by which the drug is administered into the skin |
| intramuscular | route by which the drug is injected into the muscle |
| intravenous | into or within the vein |
| jaundice | yellowish appearence of the skin, eye or other tissue due to deposits of bile pigment |
| laxative | a drug used to stimulate evacuation of bowels or to promote softer, buljier stools |
| lukemia | disease characterized by extremely high leukocyte counts |
| leukocyte | white blood cells |
| malignant | condidtion tending to become progressively worse if untreated |
| mastectomy | surgical removal of the breast |
| metabolism | biochemical alteration of a substance (drug) within the body |
| metastasis | spreading of disease from one organ, or part, to another |
| narcotic | a drug that induces insensibility and relieves pain but is also addicting |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| nosocomial | aquired at or originating at the hospital |
| ophthalmic | relating to the eye, especially drugs administered to the eye |
| oral | relating to the mouth, drugs administered by mouth |
| otic | relating to the ear, especially drugs administered into the ear canal |
| parenteral | not administered orally or rectally, usually means a drug administered by IV |
| pathogen | any disease producing microorganism |
| pathology | the study of disease and the changes they can cause in the body |
| phlebitis | inflamation of the veins |
| pruritus | iching |
| renal | pertaining to the kidneys |
| respiration | process by which the body exchanges gases with the body |
| sedative | a drug that exerts a quieting effect on the mental processes |
| shock | acute peripheral circulatory failuredue to interruption of or loss of circulating fluid (blood) |
| side-effect | undesirable pharmacological effect of a drug, at therapeutic doses |
| sterilize | to render objects free of microorganisms, usually by destroying those present by heat or application of chemical |
| subcutaneous | beneath the skin, drug injected just under the skin |
| symptom | specific functional evidence of disease, observed or reported |
| syncope | fainting, temporary suspension of consiousness due to cerebral anemia |
| syndrome | set of symptoms occuring together and characterizing a particular abnormality |
| synergistic response | when the effect of two or more combined drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects |
| systemic | pertaining to or effecting the body as a whole (as in the blood stream) |
| teratogenic effect | causing damage or defect in an unborn child |
| tolerance | the need to increase the dose of a drug to obtain a desired therapeutic effect |
| toxicity | harmful or poisonous effect on the human body, usually from an excessive amount of a drug |
| toxin | poison produced by a living oranism, often bacterium |
| tracheotomy | an incisin into the trachea through the skin and neck muscle, to allow breathing |
| tranquilizer | a drug that relieves anxiety and tension |
| vaccine | an agent administered to establish resistance to an infectious disease |
| vasoconstrictor | a drug that causes narrowing of blood vessels |
| vasodilator | a drug that causes widening of blood vessels |
| vermicide | a drug that destroys parasitic worms |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| virus | microscopic agent capable of growth and replication only in living cells |
| drug | a substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, treatment or prevention of disease |
| OTC Drug | over the counter drug for which a perscription is not required because the manufacturer has convinced the FDA that it safe for unsupervised use |
| Legend Drug | a drug that requires a prescription |
| Ancillary label | a label on a perscription whose purpose is to warn or remind |
| meniscus | convex or concave upper surface of a column of liquid which is caused by surface tension. Point at which liquid is measured in a graduated cylinder |
| progesterone | hormone, compound obtained from the corpus lutrum of pregnant sows; used for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea and threatened or reoccurent abortions |
| estrogen | female sex hormone produced by the ovarian follicles |
| isotretinion | yellowish orange or orange crystilline powder used in the treatment of acne. This drug is extremely harmful to an unborn fetus |
| P&T Committee | Pharmacy and Theraputics Committee used in an institutional prectice, a team which is responsible for the safe distribution of medications in that institute |
| automatic stop order | refers to medications that have a predetermined duration of therapy and must be discontinued unless reordered. Used in institutional practice and has no equivilant in retail |
| aseptic technique | the handling of previously sterile products without the introduction of microbial contamination |
| porcelain mortar and pestle | device used to grind powder or solids in a pharmacy |
| glass mortar and pestle | device used for compounding mainly liquids in a pharmacy |
| trituration | is the process of reducing solids into fine particles by rubbing them in a mortar and pestle |
| levigation | is the process of reducing particle size and incorporating into lotions and creams. Typically using an ointment slab abd spatula |
| aseptic | free from germs of disease, fermintation or putrefacation |
| hermetically sealed | an air tight seal that prevents introduction of air, light, radiation and moisture |
| pyrogen | a substance that cuases fever or a rise in tempature in humans |
| hibicleanse | antimicrobial substance for hand washing |
| betadine | antimicrobial substance for hand washing |
| TPN | Total Parental Nutrition - feeding through the veins typically includes amino acids, dextrose, fats, electrolytes, vitamins and sometimes the drugs heparin and insulin |
| amino acids | building blocks from which protiens are constructed |
| dextrose | dextragluclose obtained from starch by acid hydrolysis (sugar) (corn sugar) |
| heparin | substance that prevents or slows clotting in blood; used to treat thrombosis; obtained from the liver or lungs of domesticated food animals |
| thrombosis | blood clots |
| insulin | a drug used to restore the body's normal ability to utilize sugar and other carbs |
| MSDS | material saftey data sheet - identifys a hazardous substance that is inside, suggest emergency procedure and precautions for safe handling |
Created by:
rpusbach
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