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PHS Ch 21

Academic Knowledge: Body Systems for Regulation and Communication Build Vocabula

TermDefinition
central nervous system (CNS) the brain and spinal cord.
cerebrum the largest part of the brain, which is formed by the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.
homeostasis a state of balance between interdependent elements.
hormone a chemical used to send messages from an endocrine gland to a target organ.
myelin a fatty layer that protects the axons of some nerves.
negative feedback system mechanism that reduces a body function in response to a stimulus, such as a hormone.
neuron a nerve cell.
neurotransmitter a chemical used to carry a signal from an axon to a receptor cell to pass along a message.
peripheral nervous system (PNS) term for the sensory and motor nerves that go out to the body’s extremities.
primary motor cortex an area of the frontal lobe that directs muscle movement through efferent neurons to muscles in the body.
primary sensory cortex n area of the parietal lobe dedicated to gathering and interpreting information regarding the five senses of the body from afferent neurons.
receptor a nerve cell that receives stimuli.
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