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Chapter 11 Biology
The continuity of life: cellular reproduction
Term | Definition |
---|---|
allele | Alternate forms of a given gene that may produce differences ins structure or function Ex-black, brown, or blond hair |
asexual reproduction | An offspring is produced by a single parent |
autosome | One of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes that most of us carry in almost all of the cells in our bodies |
Cell cycle | The sequence of activities that occurs from one cell division to the next |
Cell division | A parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells |
Cell plate | A structure shapes like a flattened sac, surrounded by a plasma membrane, and filled with sticky carbohydrates |
Chromatid | While two chromosomes are attached at their centromeres each attached chromosome is referred to as a sister chromatid -one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome |
Chromosome | The DNA of a cell in its extended state, consists of one single DNA double helix and many associated proteins |
Diploid | Cells with pairs of homologous* chromosomes *(contain the same genes) |
Meiosis | A type of division in eukaryotic cells where a diploid nucleus divides and twice and forms 4 haploid nuclei |
Metaphase | A stage of mitosis where chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at kinetochores which are lined up laning the cell equator |
Mitosis | A type of cell division where a copy of each chromosome moves into the nuclei daughters |
Prophase | The first stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are first being visible by the light microscope. Thick spindle begins to spread and the nuclear membrane breaks apart. The fibers then break into the membrane regions and attach to the kinetochores. |
Sex chromosome | A pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an organisms usually in the form of X and Y |
Sexual reproduction | A form of reproduction where the chromosomes and genetic material of 2 parents combine to form an offspring |