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Chapter 11 Biology

The continuity of life: cellular reproduction

TermDefinition
allele Alternate forms of a given gene that may produce differences ins structure or function Ex-black, brown, or blond hair
asexual reproduction An offspring is produced by a single parent
autosome One of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes that most of us carry in almost all of the cells in our bodies
Cell cycle The sequence of activities that occurs from one cell division to the next
Cell division A parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells
Cell plate A structure shapes like a flattened sac, surrounded by a plasma membrane, and filled with sticky carbohydrates
Chromatid While two chromosomes are attached at their centromeres each attached chromosome is referred to as a sister chromatid -one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome
Chromosome The DNA of a cell in its extended state, consists of one single DNA double helix and many associated proteins
Diploid Cells with pairs of homologous* chromosomes *(contain the same genes)
Meiosis A type of division in eukaryotic cells where a diploid nucleus divides and twice and forms 4 haploid nuclei
Metaphase A stage of mitosis where chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at kinetochores which are lined up laning the cell equator
Mitosis A type of cell division where a copy of each chromosome moves into the nuclei daughters
Prophase The first stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are first being visible by the light microscope. Thick spindle begins to spread and the nuclear membrane breaks apart. The fibers then break into the membrane regions and attach to the kinetochores.
Sex chromosome A pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an organisms usually in the form of X and Y
Sexual reproduction A form of reproduction where the chromosomes and genetic material of 2 parents combine to form an offspring
Created by: LieshaSewani
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