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BJU Biology - Ch 14
BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abscisic acid | A plant hormone that affects plant growth by inhibiting the action of other hormones. It also promotes dormancy. |
| anther | The structure on a flower's stamen in which pollen is produced. |
| auxin | A growth-regulating hormone in plants. |
| budding | In plants, a method of grafting in which a bud is placed under the bark of another plant. |
| carpel | The female reproductive structure that produces seeds in a flower. |
| capillarity | The property of water that causes it to cling to surfaces. |
| chemotropism | Growth movement of a plant toward or away from certain chemicals. |
| cohesion | The force that holds molecules of the same substance together; characteristic that causes water to move up plant stems. |
| critical dark period | The period of uninterrupted darkness that is required for a plant to flower. |
| cytokinin | A substance that affects plant cells in many ways, including stimulation of the division of cells. |
| day-neutral plant | A plant that flowers independently of the photoperiod. |
| dormancy | A period of greatly reduced activity in organisms. |
| double fertilization | The union of gametes in angiosperms in which two nuclei within the ovary must be fertilized by two spearate sperm nuclei. |
| endosperm | The stored food that is used by the embryo in a mature seed. |
| ethylene | A gaseous plant hormone that causes fruit to ripen. |
| etiolated | A plant's growing in the absence of light; having thin, elongated stems with small, pale leaves. |
| filament | The stalk of the stamen. |
| germination | The beginning of growth by a seed, spore, bud or other structure following a state of dormancy. |
| gibberellin | A plant hormone that causes rapid elongation of stems. |
| grafting | The joining of two plant parts, usually stems, so that their tissues grow together. |
| gravitropism | Growth movement of a plant in response to gravity. |
| hormone | In plants, a chemical regulator produced in meristematic tissues, affecting cell maturation. |
| insectivorous plant | A plant that captures and digests insects. |
| long-day plant | A plant that flowers when the period of light is more than twelve hours. |
| nastic movement | Any of the movements of some plants due to the loss of turgor pressure in cells, such as the opening and closing of petals. |
| ovary | In plants, the part of the carpel containing the ovules that mature into the fruit containing the seeds. |
| ovule | A structure in a plant ovary that contains the egg cell and will mature into a seed. |
| pedicel | The stalk that supports the flower. |
| petal | One of the flower structures, just inside the sepals; often large and conspicuous. |
| photoperiodism | The response of a plant to changes in light intensity and length of days. |
| phototropism | Growth movement of a plant in response to light. |
| phytochrome | A protein plant pigment that regulates a plant's response to photoperiod changes. |
| pollen grain | The structure of plant reproduction that contains the tube and sperm nuclei of plants; produced in the anther. |
| pollen tube | The structure that grows from a pollen grain down through the style into the ovule and through which the sperm travel. |
| pollination | The process in which pollen is transferred from the anther to the carpel or from the male cone to the female cone. |
| pressure-flow model | An explanation for how carbohydrates are translocated in plants. |
| receptacle | The enlarged end of the pedicel; bears the flower parts. |
| root pressure | The force exerted on the water in the vascular cylinder that results from the movement of water into a root. |
| sepal | The outermost flower structure; usually encloses the other floral parts in the bud. |
| short-day plant | A plant that flowers when the period of light is less than twelve hours. |
| stamen | The male reproductive structure of a flower. |
| stigma | The sticky tip of the carpel that receives the pollen. |
| style | The elongated portion of the carpel that supports the stigma. |
| thigmotropism | Growth movement of a plant in response to contact. |
| translocation | The movement of carbohydrates throughout a plant. |
| transpiration | The release of water through the leaves of a plant. |
| transpiration-cohesion theory | A possible explanation for water movement in a plant; as water is released from the leaves, additional water molecules must enter the roots. |
| tropism | A growth response of plants to external stimuli such as light, gravity, chemicals, and touch. |
| turgor pressure | The added pressure within a plant cell that results from the movement of water into the central vacuole. |
| vegetative reproduction | Asexual reproduction in plants. |
Created by:
marchscience
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