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McGraw Hill iscience

Chapter 9

TermDefinition
cinder cone small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lava
composite volcano large, steep-sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lavas along convergent plate boundaries
dissolve to cause to disperse or disappear
hot spot volcano that is not associated with a plate boundary
lava molten rock that erupts onto Earth’s surface
magma molten rock below Earth’s surface
shield volcano large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; located along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots
viscosity liquid’s ability to flow
volcanic ash tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass
volcano vent in Earth’s crust through which molten rock flows
convergent tending to move toward one point or approaching each other
earthquake causes vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth’s lithosphere
epicenter location directly above the focus of an earthquake
fault break in Earth’s lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another
seismometer measures and records ground motion and the distance and direction seismic waves travel
surface wave causes particles in the ground to move up and down, similar to ocean waves
focus location where rocks first move along a fault and seismic waves originate
mantle Earth’s interior below the crust and above the core
plate boundary where Earth’s lithospheric plates move and interact with each other
primary wave P-wave; fastest-moving type of seismic wave; causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion
secondary wave S-wave; causes particles in the ground to move side to side and up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels
seismic wave travels as vibrations on and in Earth
seismogram graphical illustration of seismic waves
seismologist scientist who studies earthquakes
Created by: EWitczak
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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