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Astronomy Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| revolution | the action of an object moving completely around another object in an orbital path |
| rotation | turning or spinning on an axis |
| light year | the distance light travels in a year (about 5.88 trillion miles) |
| Most common elements in the universe | hydrogen and helium |
| waxing | The first half of the lunar cycle the light reflected off of the moon’s surface appears to increase |
| waning | The second half of the lunar cycle the light reflected off of the moon’s surface appears to decrease |
| Which side is the moon lit up on during the waxing phases? | right |
| Which side is it lit up on during the waning phases? | left |
| Moon’s revolution period | 27.3 |
| How long does it take for the moon to go from new moon to full moon? | 14 days |
| Terrestrial planets | rocky/solid smaller than our planets |
| Gas planets | mostly made up of hydrogen and helium |
| Inner planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars |
| Outer planets | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune |
| Asteroids | a potato shaped object in space that orbits the sun /smaller than planets composed of rock and metal craters mainly located in the astroid belt |
| Asteroid belt | ring of asteroids on our solar system |
| meteors | a meteoroid that has enters earths atmosphere can heat up to 2000 degrees Celsius produces streak of light also referred to as a shooting star |
| meteorites | meteor that has hit or landed on earths surface small/little damage |
| what are the 3 parts of a comet? | tail nucleus coma |
| Which direction does the tail point? | away from the sun |
| What causes the tail of a comet? | solar wind |
| Photosphere | surface of the sun |
| Corona | third and hottest layer of the sun |
| Solar wind | a constant stream of plasma and particles emanating from the sun |
| Sunspot | coolest part of the sun looks like a dark spot |
| Source of Sun’s energy | nuclear fusion |
| Absolute magnitude vs. Apparent magnitude | apparent magnitude is what a stars brightness is from earth absolute magnitude is the stars actual brightness |
| 90% of the stars on an H-R diagram are ______________ ______________ stars. | main sequence |
| Nebula | cloud of dust and gas held together by gravity/hydrogen and helium/star nurseries |
| Main sequence | 90% of all stars are in this stage |
| Red giant | fuel begins to run out/ star expands |
| Red supergiant | fuel begins to run out/star expands(larger mass star) |
| Supernova | explosion of a star |
| Black dwarf | no longer gives off light or heat/dead |
| Black hole | last stage in an extremely high mass life cycle very strong gravitational field/no light |
| What causes stars to have different life cycles? | their mass |
| A protostar must start what process to be considered a star? | nuclear fusion |
| Milky Way | spiral shaped contains over 200 billion stars estimated to be about 100,000 light years in diameter our solar system is located on the Orion arm of the galaxy not the center |
| Elliptical | smooth circular or oval shaped galaxy makes up 1/3 of all galaxies many contain older low mass stars |
| Spiral | flat disk shaped most abundant type 72%of all galaxies are spiral contains central bulge and "arms" that extend outwards many contain black holes at their center |
| Irregular | random, scattered no distinct shape or pattern less than 5 percent of known galaxies are classified as this |
| What is at the center of a galaxy? | at the center of a spiral galaxy is a black hole(bulge) |
| ceres | largest asteroid in the asteroid belt |
| vesta | brightest asteroid visible from earth |
| williamette | the largest discovered meteorite in the united states |
| examples of comets | hyakutake, mcnaught, kohoutek |
| protostar | star in the early stages/nuclear fusion begins |
| white dwarf | planet sized star that has exhausted all its nuclear fuel/very dense |
| protostar | star in the early stages/nuclear fusion begins |
| white dwarf | planet sized star that has exhausted all its nuclear fuel/very dense |
| protostar | star in the early stages/nuclear fusion begins |
| white dwarf | planet sized star that has exhausted all its nuclear fuel/very dense |
| protostar | star in the early stages/nuclear fusion begins |
| white dwarf | planet sized star that has exhausted all its nuclear fuel/very dense |
| protostar | star in the early stages/nuclear fusion begins |
| white dwarf | planet sized star that has exhausted all its nuclear fuel/very dense |
| meteoroids | rocky object that orbits the sun smaller than an asteroid often bits of an asteroid or comet that have broken off |
Created by:
cfetzer0315
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