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Apologia- Module 8

QuestionAnswer
True Breeding If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to all of its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic.
Allele One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes.
Genotype Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait.
Phenotype The observable expression of an organism's genes.
Homozygous Genotype A genotype in which both alleles are identical.
Heterozygous Genotype A genotype with two different alleles.
Dominant Allele An allele that will determine phenotype if even one is present in the genotype.
Recessive Allele An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous with that allele.
Pedigree A diagram that follows a particular species' phenotype through several generations.
Monohybrid Cross A cross between two individuals concentrating on only one definable trait.
Dihybrid Cross A cross between two individuals concentraiting on two definable traits.
Autosomes Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
Sex Chromosomes Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Autosomal Inheritance Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome.
Genetic Disease Carrier A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder.
Sex-Linked Inheritance Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes.
Mutation A radical chemical change in one or more alleles.
Change in Chromosome Structure A situation in which the chromosome looses or gains genes during meiosis.
Change in Chromosome Number A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete.
Created by: CLee40
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