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Biology Fall Final
9th grade Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokaryote | a unicellular organism that lacks a nuclear membrane-enclosed nucleus |
| Eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Homeostasis | How the cell maintains a stable environment |
| Selectively Permeable | allows certain things to come in and out of the cell. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water in and out of the cell |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA, control center of the cell |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins |
| Cell Membrane | The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell |
| Chloroplast | Found in plants, uses sunlight to create sugar |
| Lysosomes | An organelle containing digestive enzymes |
| Vacuoles | stores water and nutrients for the cell; very large in plant cells |
| Mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and sugar(Cellular respiration) |
| Golgi Apparatus | packages proteins and ships them throughout the cell. Like UPS |
| DNA | genetic information |
| Replication | The process of DNA making a copy of itself . |
| Nucleotide | the basic building block of DNA and RNA |
| Mitosis | process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
| Somatic Cells | another name for body cell |
| Transcription | the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence Example: DNA to mRNA (happens in nucleus) |
| Translation | is the process in which ribosomes synthesize protein |
| Amino Acid | the monomer that makes up proteins; 20 different types |
| Mutation | A change in DNA that may or may not change the protein |
| Protein Synthesis | Two steps process to create a protein |
| Carbohydrate | Quick Energy (sugar) Examples: fruits and veggies, processed foods like chips and candy. |
| Lipids | long term energy storage, another name for fats |
| Proteins | Builds more muscles! DOES NOT PROVIDE THE BODY ENERGY |
| Nucleic Acid | large biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life EXAMPLE: DNA OR RNA |
| Enzyme | a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms |
| Autotroph | an organism that makes it own food Example: Plants |
| Heterotroph | an organism that needs to eat other things to get energy Example: ANIMALS |
| Mutualism | symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved. Example: +,+ |
| Parasitism | relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other Example: +,- |
| Commensalism | an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm Example: +,0 |
| Decomposer | an organism, that decomposes organic material (Dead things) Example: Fungi and bacteria |
| Primary Succession | is the beginning step of ecological succession after an extreme disturbance NO SOIL! |
| Secondary Succession | a habitat after a major disturbance—such as a devastating flood, wildfire, landslide, lava flow, or human activity SOIL! |
Created by:
Johnsonhea
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