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Ch 18/19 Evol/Class
Chap 18 & 19 Evolution & Classification Pearson Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Change over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms | Evolution |
| any heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment | Adaption |
| How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment | Fitness |
| all the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time | gene pool |
| the number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene | allele frequency |
| trait controlled by one gene that may have one or more alleles | single-gene trait |
| trait controlled by two or more genes, each with one or more alleles | polygenic trait |
| What are the sources of genetic variation? | 1) mutation 2) genetic recombination during sexual reproduction 3)lateral gene transfer |
| What determines the number of phenotypes for a given trait? | The # of phenotypes depend on the # of genes that control the trait |
| The overall curve will shift towards the direction of the favored phenotype Graph photo is on pg 227 of packet 18 | Directional Selection |
| An intermediate phenotype comes under selection and causes the bell curve to become taller and narrower Graph photo is on pg 227 of packet 18 | Stabilizing Selection |
| Increases population diversity by creating two peaks Graph photo is on pg 227 of packet 18 | Disruptive Selection |
| random changes in allele frequency | genetic drift |
| a large proportion (part) of the a population is killed off causing 1) a restriction in the gene 2) decreased diversity | bottleneck effect |
| situation in which allele frequencies in a population remain the same from one generation to the next | genetic equilibrium |
| principle predicts that five conditions can disturb genetic equilibrium and cause evolution to occur | Hardy-Weinberg |
| movement of genes into or out of a population | gene flow |
| sexually reproducing species --> individuals will seek out mates with the highest fitness | sexual selection |
| formation of a new species | speciation |
| two populations are separated by physical barriers | geographical isolation |
| two populations develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding | behavioral isolation |
| a system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules. | taxonomy |
| classification system where each species is assigned a two-part scientific name | binomial nomenclature |
| What are the three domains? | Bacteria Archaea Eukarya hint: B.A.E. |
| What are the 6 kingdoms? | Bacteria --> Eubacteria Archaea --> Archaebacteria Eukarya --> Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista |
| How did Linnaeus group species into larger taxa? | 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species Hint mnemonic: King Put Candy Out For Good Students |
| the study of the evolutionary history of lineages of organisms | phylogeny |
| group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor, living and extinct | clade |
| diagram showing patterns of shared characteristics among species | cladogram |
| a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a lineage and was passed to its descendants | derived characters |
| Do you know how to read a cladogram? | If not, please watch one of the cladogram videos on the biology YouTube playlist |
| What is the genus and species of current day humans | Genus: Homo Species: sapiens |
Created by:
kingazcp
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