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Community Exam 1
NU302
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Group | a set or collection of persons, not a system of individuals who engage in face-to-face interactions |
| Contrast Population and Aggregate | Aggregates may not be able to communicate because of size |
| Primary Prevention | prevention of occurrence of disease |
| Secondary Prevention | detection and treatment as soon as possible |
| Tertiary Prevention | preventing complications, disability, and death |
| Florence Nightingale | decreased mortality in cities and military sites; sanitation reform |
| Distributive Justice | fair distribution of goods and services |
| Utilitarian Justice | the greatest good for the greatest number |
| Egalitarian Justice | everyone deserves the same |
| Ladies Benevolent Society | worked across racial and church lines |
| First Statistician | Florence Nightingale |
| Shattuck Report | called for government to increase sanitation and decrease disease and death by increasing social conditions |
| First Occupational Report | Shattuck Report |
| Lilian Wald | Henry Street Settlement; taught those in flats better hygiene |
| VNA | traditional home health |
| Dorothea Dix | established state hospitals for mentally ill |
| Clara Barton | Angel of the Battlefield; established the American Red Cross |
| Mary Breckinridge | Angel on Horseback; midwifery in Appalacian Mts. |
| Main Goals of Healthy People 2010 (2) | increase quality and years of healthy life; eliminate health disparities |
| Golden Age of Public Health | Germ Theory Era |
| Epidemiologic Transition | the more a country economically develops, the healthier the country becomes |
| WHO | top authority in world health care |
| UNICEF | assists children in poverty |
| Pan-American Health Organization | South American health authority |
| Disability Adjusted Life-Years | number of years of healthy living lost to illness or death |
| Capitalistic/Entrepreneur Model of Health Care Delivery | minimal government involvement; private sector providers |
| Beveridge Model of Health Care Delivery | total government control; funded by taxes |
| Bismarck Model of Health Care Delivery | more decentralized; combination of taxes but mostly individual contributions |
| Lag Time | time from first casualties to identification |
| Tobacco Use | leading cause of premature death in developed countries |
| Race | shared biological features and physiology |
| Ethnicity | shared culture |
| Healthy People 2000 | emphasis on prevention and early detection |
| Healthy People 2000 Achievements | reduced mortality rate; reduced unintentional injury; increased immunizations |
| Health Promotion | assist people enhance their well-being and maximize their human potential |
| Health-Belief Model | people will take action to avoid disease |
| Barrier for Health-Belief Model | one must perceive he/she is susceptible to disease before action takes place |
| Pender | nurse theorist; revised Health-Belief Model |
| Pender Health Promotion Barrier | one must believe he/she can change |
| Pender Health Promotion Model difference | incorporates benefits and barriers, demands, and advocacy for self; more psychological effects |
| Individual Characteristics and Experiences | biologic, psychological, and sociocultural |
| Behavior Specific Cognitive and Affect | perceived benefits and barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect,interpersonal/situational influences |
| Behavioral Outcomes | commitment to plan of action and immediate competing demands such as family or work |
| Primary Health Care Model | focuses on health care for all members of a community with a multi-sectoral approach |
| Risk Reduction | aimed at facilitating behavior that enables people to react to threats to health through early identification and avoidance of risks |
| Conditions created that encourage health and react to threats is established by _______ | Health Promotion |
| Screenings are on what level of prevention? | secondary |
| What is necessary for a confirmation of a positive screening? | referral |
| The higher the _____ the lower the specificity | sensitivity |
| Validity in Screenings | ability to distinguish those without disease from those with disease |
| Sensitivity in Screenings | ability to detect disease |
| Specificity in Screenings | ability to detect those without disease |
| Leading Cause of All Adult Deaths | Heart Disease |
| Second Leading Cause of All Adult Deaths | Cancer |
| What is the leading cause of cancer deaths among men and women? | Lung Cancer |
| Second leading cause of cancer deaths in women | Breast Cancer |
| Second leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women combined | Colorectal Cancer |
Created by:
allyson256
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