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Science Test Rocks
Rocks/Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a mineral? | A solid, naturally occurring, crystalline object with a defined chemical composition |
| What is a rock? | An object formed from one or more minerals. |
| Difference. between rocks and minerals? | Rocks are made of one or more minerals, minerals are crystalline, with a defined chemical composition |
| What is the Mohs Hardness Scale? | A scale to identify minerals based on their hardness or resistance to being scratched |
| Cleavage and fracture | Cleavage is when you can evenly, cleanly, and easily break a mineral in defined layers Fracture is a variety of breaks in the object |
| Mineral formation | Processes that create rocks include eruptions of volcanoes, erosion of land by rivers, and mountain-building. Although a rock may be millions of years old, in time the rock cycle will transform it into a new rock. |
| Igneous Rocks | These rocks form when molten rock (lava/magma) cools and becomes solid |
| Intrusive Igneous Rock | An igneous rock that forms within Earth's crust is called an intrusive rock. |
| Extrusive Igneous Rock | An igneous rock that forms above Earth’s surface is called an extrusive rock. |
| Crystal Size in comparison to cooling time | Igneous rocks formed from magma have larger crystals and a coarse texture because it cools and crystallizes slowly. (Underground) Lava, flowing out of a volcano cools quickly as it is exposed to the air, so it makes small crystals and a fine texture. |
| Extrusive Example- Intrusive Example- | -- Obsidian --Granite |
| Sedimentary Rocks | These rocks form from pieces of other rocks, bits of once-living things, or minerals. The pieces are moved by water, wind, or glaciers and eventually settle in layers and are cemented to form new rock. |
| Sediment | Small rock particles, minerals or bits of once living things |
| Weathering | Breaking Apart |
| Erosion | Carrying Away |
| Deposition | Coming to Rest |
| Compaction | Pressing together |
| Cementation | Sediments glued together through crystallization |
| Examples: | Sandstone, limestone, bitumious coal |
| Sources of heat and pressure | Heat comes from the core and mantle, pressure comes from overburden of rocks |
| Foliated | Grains in rock arranged in bands or stripes |
| Non foliated | Grains have no arrangement, but large crystals may be present |
| Example: | Marble |
| Limestone | Wherever you find limestone, you know there used to be an ocean |
| Sedimentary Rock Layers | In layers of sedimentary rock, the youngest rocks are in the top layers |
| Sedimentary Rock Formation | Sedimentary rock forms when existing rock is changed by heat pressure or chemical change |
| The Rock Cycle | The formation and recycling of rocks by geologic processes. It illustrates the formation and recycling of rocks by geological precesses. |
Created by:
Slsd
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