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chap 5 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell cycle 5.1 | pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell. |
| mitosis 5.1 | process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents. |
| cytokinesis 5.1 | process by which the cell cytoplasm divides. |
| chromosome 5.2 | long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information. |
| histone 5.2 | protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps. |
| chromatin 5.2 | loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase. |
| chromatid 5.2 | one half of a duplicated chromosome. |
| centromere 5.2 | region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis. |
| telomere 5.2 | repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes. |
| prophase 5.2 | first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell. |
| metaphase 5.2 | second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator. |
| anaphase 5.2 | third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. |
| telophase 5.2 | last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble. |
| growth factor 5.3 | broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division. |
| apoptosis 5.3 | programed cell death. |
| cancer 5.3 | common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division. |
| benign 5.3 | having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous. |
| malignant 5.3 | cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health. |
| carcinogen 5.3 | substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer. |
| asexual reproduction 5.4 | process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes. |
| binary fission 5.4 | asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts. |
| tissue 5.5 | group of cells that work together to perform a similar function. |
| organ 5.5 | group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions. |
| organ system 5.5 | two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions. |
| cell differentiation 5.5 | processes by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function. |
| stem cell 5.5 | cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated. |
| metastasize 5.3 | to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body. |
Created by:
rcolangelo25
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