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Ch. 13 key terms OS

Inheritance

TermDefinition
Autosome any of the non-sex chromosomes
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes' vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed
homologous recombination process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over
karyogram a karyotype's photographic image
karyotype an individual's chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position
nondisjunction failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis' first cell division
polyploid individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets
recombination frequency average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny's population
trisomy otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates
X inactivation condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose
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