Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 10 key terms
cell reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anaphase | stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other |
| binary fission | prokaryotic cell division process |
| cell cycle | ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells |
| cell plate | structure formed during plant cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles, forming a temporary structure (phragmoplast) and fusing at the metaphase plate; ultimately leads to the formation of cell walls that separate the two daughter cells |
| cell-cycle checkpoint | mechanism that monitors the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the various cell-cycle stages |
| centriole | rod-like structure constructed of microtubules at the center of each animal cell centrosome |
| centromere | region at which sister chromatids are bound together; a constricted area in condensed chromosomes |
| chromatid | single DNA molecule of two strands of duplicated DNA and associated proteins held together at the centromere |
| cleavage furrow | constriction formed by an actin ring during cytokinesis in animal cells that leads to cytoplasmic division |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm following mitosis that forms two daughter cells. |
| Diploid | cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) |
| G0 phase | distinct from the G1 phase of interphase; a cell in G0 is not preparing to divide |
| G1 phase | (also, first gap) first phase of interphase centered on cell growth during mitosis |
| G2 phase | (also, second gap) third phase of interphase during which the cell undergoes final preparations for mitosis |
| Gamete | haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm, pollen grain, or egg) |
| Gene | physical and functional unit of heredity, a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein. |
| Genome | total genetic information of a cell or organism |
| Haploid | cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n) |
| Histone | one of several similar, highly conserved, low molecular weight, basic proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells; associates with DNA to form nucleosomes |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes of the same morphology with genes in the same location; diploid organisms have pairs of homologous chromosomes (homologs), with each homolog derived from a different parent |
| interphase | period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases (the interim period between two consecutive cell divisions) |
| kinetochore | protein structure associated with the centromere of each sister chromatid that attracts and binds spindle microtubules during prometaphase |
| locus | position of a gene on a chromosome |
| metaphase | stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate |
| metaphase plate | equatorial plane midway between the two poles of a cell where the chromosomes align during metaphase |
| mitosis | (also, karyokinesis) period of the cell cycle during which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| mitotic phase | period of the cell cycle during which duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and cytoplasmic contents are divided; includes karyokinesis (mitosis) and cytokinesis |
| mitotic spindle | apparatus composed of microtubules that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
| oncogene | mutated version of a normal gene involved in the positive regulation of the cell cycle |
| origin | (also, ORI) region of the prokaryotic chromosome where replication begins (origin of replication) |
| p21 | cell-cycle regulatory protein that inhibits the cell cycle; its levels are controlled by p53 |
| p53 | cell-cycle regulatory protein that regulates cell growth and monitors DNA damage; it halts the progression of the cell cycle in cases of DNA damage and may induce apoptosis |
| prophase | stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form |
| proto-oncogene | normal gene that when mutated becomes an oncogene |
| quiescent | refers to a cell that is performing normal cell functions and has not initiated preparations for cell division |
| S phase | second, or synthesis, stage of interphase during which DNA replication occurs |
| Septum | structure formed in a bacterial cell as a precursor to the separation of the cell into two daughter cells |
| Telophase | stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are surrounded by a new nuclear envelope |
| tumor suppressor gene | segment of DNA that codes for regulator proteins that prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division |
Created by:
christine.thompson
Popular Biology sets