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Ch. 6 key terms OS
metabolism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| activation energy | energy necessary for reactions to occur |
| active site | enzyme's specific region to which the substrate binds |
| anabolic | (also, anabolism) pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency |
| Catabolic | (also, catabolism) pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones |
| chemical energy | potential energy in chemical bonds that releases when those bonds are broken |
| coenzyme | small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance an enzyme's activity |
| cofactor | inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal enzyme activity regulation |
| competitive inhibition | type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzyme's active site |
| denature | process that changes a substance's natural properties |
| endergonic | describes chemical reactions that require energy input |
| energy coupling | process during which energy released by one reaction is used to drive another reaction |
| enthalpy | a system's total energy |
| entropy (S) | measure of randomness or disorder within a system |
| exergonic | describes chemical reactions that release free energy |
| feedback inhibition | a product's effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme's activity in the pathway that produces it |
| free energy | Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work |
| heat | energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the molecules' motion or particles) |
| heat energy | total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction |
| induced fit | dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding |
| kinetic energy | energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism |
| potential energy | energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy |
| substrate | molecule on which the enzyme acts |
| thermodynamics | study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter |
| transition state | high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction |
Created by:
christine.thompson
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