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Biology Vocab Ch 9

Biology Vocabulary Chapter 9

TermDefinition
cell cycle Where cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing.
interphase The stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates, or makes copies of its DNA in preparation for the next stage of the cycle.
mitosis The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.
cytokinesis The method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
chromosome The structures that contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of cells.
chromatin The relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus.
prophase The first stage of mitosis—the stage of mitosis during which a dividing cell spends the most time.
sister chromatid Structures that contain identical copies of DNA.
centromere The structure at the center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached.
spindle apparatus An apparatus that is important in moving and organizing the chromosomes before cell division.
metaphase The second stage of mitosis where the sister chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell and line up in the middle, or equator, of the cell.
anaphase The third stage of mitosis where the chromatids are pulled apart.
telophase The stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to relax, or decondense.
cyclin Proteins that bind to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the stages of interphase and mitosis to start the various activities that take place in the cell cycle.
cyclin-dependent kinase Enzymes that bind to the protein "Cyclin" in the stages of interphase and the beginning of mitosis.
cancer The uncontrolled growth and division of cells—a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle.
carcinogen Substances and agents that are known to cause cancer.
apoptosis Programmed cell suicide that activates when their is something wrong with the cell.
stem cell Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions.
Created by: Mr. Bryant
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