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Module #7
fossils
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a fossil? | the preserved remains of a once-living organism |
| What is petrifaction? | The conversion of organic material into rock. |
| What is resin? | A thick, slowly flowing liquid produced by plants that can harden into a solid. |
| What does extinct mean? | A term applied to a species that was once living but now is not. |
| When a plant or animal dies, what is the most likely thing that will happen to its remains? | they will decompose |
| Which forms first: fossil molds or fossil casts? | A fossil mold forms first. |
| Describe the process of cast forming indicating when the mold has formed. | The remains of a plant or animal are encased in sediment, and the sediment eventually hardens into rock. As the remains of the plant or animal disintegrate, a hole is left in the rock, in the shape of the original remains. That is the mold. |
| Describe the process of when the cast has formed. | The mold might fill up with sediment or magma later and, when the filling hardens, it forms a cast. |
| What is required in order for petrifaction to occur? | water that has a lot of minerals in it. |
| Why does petrifaction usually produce fossils with more information than fossil casts? | because fossil casts retain only the shape and outer details of the fossil. |
| Can you learn much about the thickness of an organism from carbonized remains? | No, you cannot. |
| What type of organism is most likely to leave carbonized remains? | plants |
| What is so nice about fossils that have been encased in amber or ice? | Tissue and other soft parts tend to be preserved. |
| What is the first general feature of the fossil record? | Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock. |
| What is the second general feature of the fossil record? | The vast majority of the fossil record is made up of hard-shelled creatures like clams. |
| What is the third general feature of the fossil record? | Many of the fossil we find are of organisms that are still alive today. |
| What is the fourth general feature of the fossil record? | The fossils found in one layer of stratified rock can be different from the fossils found in another layer. |
| What kinds of creatures make up the vast majority of the fossil record? | Clams and other hard-shelled animals. |
| Approximately, how many species of plants and animals have gone extinct in the last 400 years? | a thousand |
| What is a trilobite? | A creature that lived in the water and was covered in a hard outer covering. |
| Is a trilobite extinct? | yes |
| What is a placoderm? | A kind of fish covered in hard plates rather than scales. |
| Are placoderms extinct? | yes |
| What is the uniformitarian explanation for how most sedimentary rocks formed? | Sediments are laid down slowly over millions of years, conditions change and the sediments harden to form rocks. |
| What is the catastrophist explanation for how sedimentary rocks formed? | Were formed in the flood. The depth, speed, direction of the flood waters determined what type of sediments were laid down, which determined the kind of rock formed. |
| What is the uniformitarian explanation for why different fossils are found in different strata? | The different fossils found in different layers result from the fact that different plants and animals existed at different times in any given region. |
| What is the catastrophist explanation for why different fossils are found in different strata? | The different fossils in different layers are the result of the fact that different kinds of organisms were trapped and preserved during different stages of the flood. |
| What major speculation must uniformitarians make when studying geology? | How millions of years of time affect the processes we see working today. |
| What major speculation must catastrophists make when studying geology? | The nature of the worldwide flood. |
Created by:
tvanhook
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