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POTASSIUM

ELECTROLYTES

QuestionAnswer
Potassium Potassium maintains osmolarity and electrical neutrality inside the cell and helps maintain acid-base balance.
What are some fact about potassium? 1. All of the potassium filtered by the glomeruli is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.2. The normal ratio of potassium to sodium ion reabsorption is 1:35.3. Factors that affect Na reabsorption and excretion also effect the potassium level.
Some other factors that affects potassium. Serum potassium moves iversely to the pH. If the pH falls. Potassium concentration increases. If the pH rises, potassium concentration decreases.
What is hyperkalemia? POTASSIUM LEVEL GREATER THAN 5.5 meq/L.
What are the causes of hyperkalemia? RENAL DISEASE, LOW CO, ACIDOSIS, SODIUM DEPLETION, MUSCLE MASS INJURY, BURNS, TRAUMA, CRUSH INJURIES, EXCESSIVE INGESTION OF ANTACIDS AND SALT SUBSTITUTES, ADRENAL CORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY, HEMOLYSIS OF BANKED BLOOD.
What are the clinical presentation of hyperkalemia? MUSCLE WEAKNESS, FLACCIDITY, AND NUMBNESS. ABDOMINAL CRAMPING, NAUSEA, DIARRHEA.
What are is the most serious effect of hyperkalemia? CARDIAC TOXICITY
What are the changes seen with ECG tracing with hyperkalemia? K 5.5 - 7.5 meq/L tall, peaked, or tent-shaped T wave. K 7.5 - 9 meq/L P wave is flattened and widening, prolonge PR interval, and depression of the ST segment.
What are the treatments for hyperkalemia? INTRAVENOUS 10% GLUCOSE & INSULIN, IV Na Bicarbinate, CALCIUM CHLORIDE (do not use with pt on digoxin). KAYEXALATE, SORBITOL.
Created by: nerdismart
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