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Stack #34639
Pathophysiology Movement of Water
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| - contusion | is bleeding into the skin or underlying tissues as a consequence of a blow |
| - abrasion | results from removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and injuring object |
| - apoptosis | = a distinct type of sublethal injury, cellular self-destruction that occurs in both normal and pathologic tissue changes. This is cell death, getting rid of old cells. In some cases is routine body maintained |
| - Epinephrine | exerts its affects on the Cardiovascular system |
| - Norepinephrine | chief effects compliment those of epinephrine |
| - Cortisols | chief effects involve metabolic processes by inhibiting the use of metabolic substances while promoting there formation |
| signs of dehydration | - Water deprivation, - Hypovolemia, - Intracellular Dehydration |
| - Water deprivation | confusion or coma, inability to communicate, loss of thirst, inability to swallow |
| - Hypovolemia | weight loss, weak pulse, postural hypotension, Tachycardia |
| - Intracellular Dehydration | Thirst, fever, decreased urine output, shrinkage of brain cells |
| what damage free radicals cause | cause cellular injury B/C they have unpaired electrons that makes the molecule unstable |
| How free radicals stabilize themselves | - To stabilize itself the molecule gives up an electron to another molecule or steals one. Therefore it form injurious chemical bonds w/proteins, lipids and carbohydrates (key molecules in membranes and nucleic acids |
| - Isotonic | · Occur when changes in TBW are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes |
| - Hypertonic | develop when the osmolality of the ECF, is elevated above normal, usually because of increased concentration of ECF sodium or a deficit of ECF water |
| - Hypotonic | occur when the osmolatlity is less than normal |
| What are some causes of edema? | - Caused by osmotic movement of water into the interstitial space |
| - Hydrostatic pressure | · Pushes the water |
| - Osmotic Pressure | · Pulls the water |
| - Oncotic Pressure | · Remains fairly constant bc plasma proteins do not normally cross the plasma membrane |
| mutation | inherited alteration of genetic material |
| glycolisis | the splitting of glucose |
| How many moleculkes does glycolysis produce per glucose molecule | two |
| what is the total process of glycolysis called | oxidative cellular metabolism |
| what is cellular injury caused from | lack of oxygen (hypoxia), free radicals, caustic or toxic chemicals, infectous agents, immune responces, geetic factors, insufficent nutrients, or physical trauma from many causes |
| What are the sequence of events leading to cell death | decrease in ATP production, failure of sodium potassium pump, cellular swelling, detachment of ribosomes from the ER, cessation of protein systhesis, mitochodrial swelling as a resukt of calcium accumulation |
| what is the intial result in hypoxic injury | cessation of blood flow into vessels that supply the cell with oxyen and nutrients |
| what does Epinephrine increase | C.O., and blod flow to the brain and the heart, brain and skeletal muscles by dialating blood vessels that supply these organs |
| How does epinephrine dialate the airways | by increaseing the delivery of oxygen to the blood stream |
| What does decreasing insulin to the brain help you do (epinephrine) | Think clearly |
| What effects does Norephrine do | constricts the blood vessels, increases menatl alertness |
| where is norepinephrine produce | the adrenal medulla |
| what is compensation with reguard to an abnormal ph | correction occurs when the value of noth buffer pairs return to normal |
| What is low PH considered | acidosis |
| What is high Ph considered | alkalosis |
| a high PaCO2 | a lower pH |
| CO2 will | "move" the pH, but other factors may still cause an alkalosis |
| Respiratory mechanism | (depth and rate of breathing) controls CO2 |
| CO2 in solution | is an acid |
| Higher PaCO2 | causes acidosis (lower pH), or neutralizes alkalosis. |
| Lower PaCO2 | causes alkalosis (raises pH.), or neutralizes acidosis. |
| Metabolic mechanism controls | bicarb; amount of HCO3- is controlled by kidneys |
| Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is | a base |
| High HCO3- | causes alkalosis (raises pH), or neutralizes acidosis |
| Low HCO3 | causes acidosis (lowers pH), or neutralizes alkalosis |
| High PaCO2 and low HCO3 | (acidosis) or |
| Low PaCO2 and high HCO3 | (alkalosis |
Created by:
ngemini0681
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