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Ch 8 Bio Retake

QuestionAnswer
How many chromosomes are in a human body? 46
How many autosomes? 44
How many sex chromosomes ? 2
When does Crossing Over happen? During Prophase 1 of Meiosis
Why is Crossing over important? It allows the transfer of genetic material from mom and day
What do Spindle Fibers do? They pull chromosomes a part which moves chromatids to opposite sides (poles).
What is a Diploid? 2 sets of chromosomes
What is a Haploid? 1 set of chromosomes
What is a tetrad? A pair of homologous chromosomes that form during Prophase 1
When do Tetrads form? During Prophase 1
Why are Histones important? They help keep the shape of the chromosomes
What are the parts of the Cell Cycle? Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokenisis
What happens during Interphase? The cell is in this stage when it is waiting for cell division- it spends a lot of time here
What happens during Mitosis? Nucleus divides and then Cells copy and divide into offspring
What happens during Cytokinesis? Cytoplasm divides into daughter cells
What are the phases of Interphase? G1, S Phase, G2
What happens during the phases of Interphase? G1- offspring grow S Phase- cell's DNA is copied G2 - gets ready for cell division
What is the difference between spermatogenesis and Oogenesis? Spermatogenisis forms 4 usable sperm cells and Oogenisis forms 1 usable egg
What are Multipotent Stem Cells? (Multi) These are partly programmable and can only become certain types of cells
What are Totipotent Stem Cells? (Toti-total) They are totally programable and can become any cell needed in the body
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis? Mitosis ends with 2 new identical body cells and Meiosis created 4 new unique sex cells
What does Mitosis end with? 2 identical body cells
What does Meiosis end with? 4 new different sex cells
What is independent assortment? Random separation of homologous chromosomes which results in new traits
What is the Ectoderm germ layer? nerve and skin cells
What is the Mesoderm germ layer? muscle, blood and bone cells
What is the Endoderm germ layer? all the rest of the cells
What is Homeotic? regulatory genes that determine where certain anatomical structures will develop on an organism
What is Homeobox? codes for proteins that regulate patterns of development
Created by: Ensmingern
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