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6. Transport in body

The circulatory system

TermDefinition
Circulatory system Made up of blood, blood vessels and the heart
Blood Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets
Plasma liquid part of blood, pale yellow colour, made of water
Plasma Transports carbon dioxide, water, food, salts and heat
Body temperature 37 degrees Celsius
Red blood cells Made in bone marrow and carry oxygen
Haemoglobin In red blood cells, need iron to make haemoglobin
White blood cells Made in bone marrow, fight infection
White blood cells Surround invading micro-organisms or produce antibodies
Platelets Formed in bone marrow, form blood clots
Platelets Help prevent loss of blood and micro-organisms entering the body
Composition of blood 55% plasma, 4% white blood cells and platelets, 41% red blood cells
Blood vessels Arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries Carry blood away from the heart, blood under high pressure
Veins Carry blood to the heart, blood under lower pressure, contain valves
Valves In veins and heart to prevent the backflow of blood
Capillaries Tiny (only one cell thick), allow materials to pass in and out
The heart size of a clenched fist, located between the middle and left-side of the chest, made of a special type of muscle called cardiac muscle
Pulse Measurement of the force of blood in an artery
Resting heart rate Average adult is 70 beats per minute
Exercise Heart beats faster and heart rate increases, getting supplies of oxygen and food to the muscle cells
Structure of the heart 4 chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles)
Atria Left and right at the top of the heart
Ventricles Left and right at the bottom of the heart
Septum Muscular wall between the atria and ventricles in the heart
Vena Cava (deoxygenated) Vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart
Pulmonary artery (deoxygenated) Vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary vein (oxygenated) Vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
Aorta Largest artery in the body, vessel that pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Two blood circuits Lung and body circuits
Lungs Blood gains oxygen, loses carbon dioxide and water
Intestines Blood gains food, water and carbon dioxide, loses oxygen
Head/arms Blood gains carbon dioxide and water, loses oxygen and food
Lower body/legs Blood gains carbon dioxide and water, loses oxygen and food
Circulatory System Transports nutrients, gases and hormones to cells and removes waste products
Functions of circulatory system Transport, temperature regulation and protection
Created by: ac1410
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