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6. Transport in body
The circulatory system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Circulatory system | Made up of blood, blood vessels and the heart |
| Blood | Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets |
| Plasma | liquid part of blood, pale yellow colour, made of water |
| Plasma | Transports carbon dioxide, water, food, salts and heat |
| Body temperature | 37 degrees Celsius |
| Red blood cells | Made in bone marrow and carry oxygen |
| Haemoglobin | In red blood cells, need iron to make haemoglobin |
| White blood cells | Made in bone marrow, fight infection |
| White blood cells | Surround invading micro-organisms or produce antibodies |
| Platelets | Formed in bone marrow, form blood clots |
| Platelets | Help prevent loss of blood and micro-organisms entering the body |
| Composition of blood | 55% plasma, 4% white blood cells and platelets, 41% red blood cells |
| Blood vessels | Arteries, veins and capillaries |
| Arteries | Carry blood away from the heart, blood under high pressure |
| Veins | Carry blood to the heart, blood under lower pressure, contain valves |
| Valves | In veins and heart to prevent the backflow of blood |
| Capillaries | Tiny (only one cell thick), allow materials to pass in and out |
| The heart | size of a clenched fist, located between the middle and left-side of the chest, made of a special type of muscle called cardiac muscle |
| Pulse | Measurement of the force of blood in an artery |
| Resting heart rate | Average adult is 70 beats per minute |
| Exercise | Heart beats faster and heart rate increases, getting supplies of oxygen and food to the muscle cells |
| Structure of the heart | 4 chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles) |
| Atria | Left and right at the top of the heart |
| Ventricles | Left and right at the bottom of the heart |
| Septum | Muscular wall between the atria and ventricles in the heart |
| Vena Cava (deoxygenated) | Vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart |
| Pulmonary artery (deoxygenated) | Vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs |
| Pulmonary vein (oxygenated) | Vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart |
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body, vessel that pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body |
| Two blood circuits | Lung and body circuits |
| Lungs | Blood gains oxygen, loses carbon dioxide and water |
| Intestines | Blood gains food, water and carbon dioxide, loses oxygen |
| Head/arms | Blood gains carbon dioxide and water, loses oxygen and food |
| Lower body/legs | Blood gains carbon dioxide and water, loses oxygen and food |
| Circulatory System | Transports nutrients, gases and hormones to cells and removes waste products |
| Functions of circulatory system | Transport, temperature regulation and protection |
Created by:
ac1410
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