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Dengue & HIV
Questions about Dengue & HIV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is HIV? | Human immunodeficiceny virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. |
| What is a Retrovirus? | A virus that is made from genetic material specifically RNA |
| Does HIV have a cure? | No cure ; the treatment only prolongs life. Otherwise it is a fatal condition |
| If a person is infected with HIV what are they said to be? | HIV positive |
| Can HIV be transmitted when you make contact with a HIV Positive person's tears? | NO. The virus is in low concentration in urine, faeces, sweat and tears that contact with these does not present a risk |
| How can HIV be transmitted? | Sexual intercourse, Transfer of contaminated blood whether through needles, etc. and Mother to baby whether through birth or breast milk |
| What are the ways in which HIV can be prevented or controlled? | Abstinence, getting tested, taking necessary medication, wearing condoms and being educated about the virus. |
| How long can HIV live outside the body? | Quickly dies outside of the body thus the virus has to make direct contact |
| What is the name of the drug that prevents someone from catching HIV? | PrEP- Pre-exposure prophylaxis |
| Which cell does the HIV retrovirus attack? | White blood cells (Helper T cells, macrophages, brain cells) |
| How does attacking the T-cell make HIV a dangerous virus? | It reduces the population of T-cells which cause the destruction of virus infected cells |
| How is HIV different from dengue? | Recover from dengue and long term immunity of strain, NO recovery of HIV, only treat it; dengue main transmission is mosquitos, HIV transmitted by mixing with infected blood and sex fluids; dengue has incubation period of few days but HIV is few weeks |
| Why is HIV known as an enveloped virus? | Because it takes a part of the plasma membrane of the cell it infects. This becomes the envelope. |
| How has the control/ prevention of HIV benefitted the economy? | It saves money |
| Why do women undergo antiretriviral therapy? | So that HIV is not passed to the foetus |
| What is antiretroviral therapy? | Consumption of drugs to lower the count of HIV virus in the blood to decrease the chance of transmission. |
| How does pre exposure prophylaxis drugs prevent the transmission of HIV? | It forms a wall around T-helper cells which keeps HIV from crossing it and replicating itself |
| List ways in which dengue can be prevented | Cover and clean water containers on a regular basis, wear protective clothing, keep house clean, invest in mosquito nets & repellants, dispose garbage properly, ensure there are no objects that can collect water and act and act as a breeding ground |
| How can a community aid in dengue pprevention? | Community programs which educate & give insight on ways to prevent breeding of mosquitos |
| How does the government help reduce spread of dengue? | Dispersal of a special gas in the atomosphere to kill the mosquitos, broadcast adverstisements on the radio & TV to bring awareness |
| What is the difference between HIV & AIDS? | AIDS is the entire range of disease symptoms that an infected person can experience which can cause death |
| Which groups of peple are most at risk of contracting HIV? | sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs |
| What is paratransgenesis? | Process by which genetically modified symbiotic bacteria are put into the vector (mosquito) to disrupt its function hence limiting transmission |
| Will HIV always develop into AIDS? | NO, it will only develop into AIDS if left untreated for several years |
| Which countries in the Caribbean have the highest count of HIV infections? | Jamaica, Guyana and Haiti |
| In the Caribbean, which group of people has the greatest increase in new HIV cases? | Women of childbearing age |
| What does the stigmatization of HIV result in? | It makes persons reluctant to get tested and if the continue their sexual activity they can transmit the virus if they have it |
| Are drug treatments for HIV available to all? | Yes, however, because it is expensive, some people may not be able to afford it |
| State 2 ways in which HIV impacts the economy negatively | Some people might have to stop working which causes them to lose income and this can lead to poverty; if people cannot afford the drugs then welfare services might pay but this causes a strain |
| List the four strains (causative agents) of Dengue Fever. | DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 |
| What type of vector transmits DENV? | Insect Vector |
| What is the name of the species of insect? | Female Aedes Aegypti mosquito |
| What is the approximate incubation period for dengue? | 4 days |
| Which cells does this virus attack (site of action)? | White blood cells, liver and bone marrow |
| What are some symptoms of dengue? | High fever, nausea, body aches |
| Briefly describe the structure of the DENV viruses. | Each consist of genetic material in the form of RNA and 3 structural proteins. Caspid proteins wrap the RNA and form the core of the virus, whilst the other two proteins form a smooth surface which surround a lipid bilayer that is derived from host cells. |
| Why do female mosquitos feed on humans? | In order to provide their eggs with protein; facilitate reproduction. |
| Why is an anticoagulant neccesary? | To stop the human's blood from clotting |
| At what point in transmission does the mosquito come in contact with the virus? | When the mosquito feeds on an infected person, the virus is transferred in their blood and enters the gut of the mosquito where it replicates for the next 8 to 10 days. |
| What happens to the caspid proteins released by the virus in the cell? | They break apart to release RNA which travels to ribosomes on the RER where it is translated. |
| How does the virus enter white blood cells? | via endocytosis |
| What is the incubation period of HIV? | Several weeks |
| What does retrovirus mean? | Its RNA is used as a template to make DNA, which is the reverse of what usually happens with other viruses. |
| Describe how HIV infect the cell? | Cell surface proteins on the virus interact with those of the T-lymphocyte, the virus then fuses with the host cell and its RNA enters the cell. |
| What is the provirus? | reverse transcriptase uses the viral RNA as a template to assemble double stranded DNA, which enters the nucleus and viral enzyme integrase attaches it to host DNA. The result of which is the provirus. |
| What is this used for? | When activated, acts as template to make RNA for new viruses, template for mRNA to make viral proteins. |
| What are the final steps of virus reproduction in the cell? | Protease cuts the viral protein produced on ribosomes into short sections that are assembled around RNA to make new viruses. These travel to cell membrane and exit sorrounded by host cell membrane. |
| How does HIV harm the body? | Its process of viral reproduction causes a number of T-lymphocytes to die, the number these cells thus decrease and the effectiveness of the immune system is compromised. |
Created by:
shangood
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