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IB Biology Topic 1.2
Ultrastructure of Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bacteria cell wall is composed of | peptidoglycan |
| fungi cell wall is composed of | chitin (polysaccharide) |
| yeasts' cell wall is composed of | glucan and mannan |
| algae cell wall is composed of | cellulose (polysaccharide) |
| Golgi apparatus | stores, modifies, and packages proteins |
| Nucleolus | dense solid structure involved in ribosome synthesis |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Network of tubes and flattened sacs that connects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane that has attached ribosomes. |
| Type of cell where carbohydrates are stored as starch | Plant cells |
| Type of cell where carbohydrates are stored as glycogen | Animal cells |
| Type of cell with DNA in a ring form without protein | Prokaryotic |
| Type of cell with DNA with proteins as chromosomes/chromatin | Eukaryotic |
| Type of cell with 70S ribosomes | Prokaryotic |
| Type of cell with 80S ribosomes | Eukaryotic |
| Centrosome | found in all eukaryotic cells, consists of a pair of centrioles that are involved in the assembly of microtubules |
| Type of cell that does not contain centrioles within a centrosome area | A plant cell |
| Type of cell that does contain centrioles within a centrosome area | An animal cell |
| Ribosomes | small structures, free in the cytoplasm, or associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) |
| Nuclear pore | allows communication between the nucleus and the rest of the cell |
| Pili | Hair like growths on the outside of the cell wall, also can be used for attachment. Their main function is joining bacterial cells in preparation for transfer of DNA |
| Flagella | Whip-like structures ..longer than pili, and allow a cell to move |
| Type of cell with a large centrally located vacuole | Plant Cell |
| Type of cell where the vacuoles are not usually present or are small | Animal Cell |
| E. coli | Typical prokaryotic cell we study. |
| Cytoskeleton | structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement |
| Plasmid | small circular, DNA molecules are not connected to the main bacterial chromosome. (usually where antibiotic resistant genes are found) |
| plant cell wall is composed of | cellulose (polysaccharide) |
| Lysosomes | sacs bounded by a single membrane, containing and transporting enzymes. Usually absent from plant cells |
| Nuclear Pore | a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| Centriole | Organelle associated with nuclear division that are composed of microtubules. It is present in all eukaryotic cells, but absent from higher plant cells. |
| Nuclear membrane | A two lipid bilayer membrane that encloses the cell nucleus. |
| cytoplasm | region that organelles are found |
| mitochondria | rod shaped organelles that have their own DNA, produce their own ribosomes (70s type) and have a double membrane: outer membrane is smooth; inner membrane is folded into cristae, the cristae provide a place for ATP to be produced |
| Chloroplasts | specialized plastids containing the green pigment They are the sites for photosynthesis |
| Starch granules | Composed of carbohydrates stored in amyloplast, |
Created by:
biolucy
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