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Unit 3 lessons 3 & 4
Term | Definition |
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Lithosphere | the solid, outer layer of Earth that consits of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
Asthenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates moves |
Tectonic Plate | a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle |
Deformation | the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth's crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
Shear Stress | when two tectonic plates move past one another and the material twists and distorts |
Compression | whe two tectonic plates push against one another causing the rock to fold and shorten |
Tension | when two tectonic plates move away from one another the rock starts to stretch |
Convergent Boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding |
Divergent Boundary | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
Transform Boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally |
Earthquake | a movement or trembiling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move |
Focus | the location within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
Epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point, or focus |
Tectonic Plate Boundary | the edge between two or more plates classified as divergent, convergent, or transform by the movement taking place between the plates |
Fault | a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another |
Elastic Rebound | the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |