Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Mendelian Genetics
Biology in Focus Ch. 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| True breeding | organisms that always produce offspring having the exact same traits |
| P generation | the parental generation in genetics experiments |
| F1 generation | the first generation of offspring in genetics experiments |
| F2 generation | the second generation of offspring and genetics experiments, these are the children of the F1 generation |
| Alleles | alternate versions of a gene |
| Dominant allele | determines an organism's appearance |
| Recessive allele | has no noticeable effect on an organism's appearance because it is masked by the dominant trait |
| Law of Segregation | one of Mendel's laws that states the two alleles for a heritable character separate from each other during gamete formation and end up in different gametes |
| Punnett square | a chart used to predict allele composition of offspring during a genetics cross |
| Homozygous | has two of the same alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | has two different alleles, one dominant one recessive for a trait |
| Phenotype | an organism's outward appearance or observable traits |
| Genotype | and organism’s genetic makeup |
| Locus | the location of a gene on a chromosome |
| Test cross | a technique used to determine the genotype of an unknown organism by crossing it with a homozygous recessive, and analyzing the resulting offspring |
| Monohybrid | being heterozygous for one particular trait |
| Monohybrid cross | a mating between two heterozygotes |
| Dihybrid | individual who is heterozygous for two traits |
| Dihybrid cross | a mating between two organism who are heterozygous for two traits |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Mendel's law that states that two or more genes separate (segregate) independently of any other genes during gamete formation |
| Multiplication Rule | to determine the probability of multiple events, multiply each of their probabilities together. |
| Complete dominance | phenotypes of homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are the same |
| Incomplete dominance | heterozygotes have a phenotype in between those of the two parents |
| Codominance | inheritance pattern where heterozygous individuals show both traits at the same time. |
| Hybrid | synonym for heterozygous individual |
| Multiple alleles | when more than one allele affects gene expression |
| Pleiotropy | a single gene can have multiple different effects on phenotype expression (a single gene can do more than one job) |
| Epistasis | a gene at one locus can alter the phenotypic expression of a gene at a completely different locus. |
| Polygenic inheritance | two or more genes influence a single phenotypic character; phenotypic expression has spectrum. |
| Pedigree | a genetic family tree that uses squares for males, circles for females, and color codes affected individuals. |
| Carrier | an organism who does not show signs of a disease, but does have a chance to pass a recessive gene onto its offspring because they are heterozygous. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | the most common lethal genetic disease in the US; results in thick mucus coating in the organs. |
| Sickle Cell Disease | most common genetic disorder among individuals of African descent. The shapes of the red blood cells are affected impacting oxygen transport |
| Huntington's Disease | a dominantly inherited lethal condition that results in the degeneration of nervous system tissue |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
etucci
Popular Biology sets