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Cells

Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Not including a virus. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. New cells come from existing cells.
Organelle A special part of a cell that does different jobs to keep a cell alive. , cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.
Cell (Plasma) Membrane It surrounds the cell and protects it and regulates what enters and leaves the cell “Gatekeeper”.
Cytoplasm A mineral in a living celled organism that’s not including the nucleus. Holds parts of the cell and protects them.
Nucleus Contains DNA, genetic information, it's near the center of the cell, it is called the “Brain”.
Chromatin Is a way in the nucleus to make DNA take a smaller amount of space.
Chromosomes Contains 23 pairs. Made of DNA and proteins.
Gene DNA located on a chromosome. Gives you your characteristics.
Nucleolus Part of the cell that makes ribosomes.
Nuclear Membrane A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton Fiber surrounding the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Shapes the cell and support all of its parts.
Microtubules Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Covers the cytoplasm.
Microfilaments Shapes the cell and support all of its parts.
Mitochondria Produces/releases energy “Powerhouse” and it's called cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration Use oxygen to make smaller parts of food that make energy.
Chloroplast Produces food through photosynthesis and it's in the category of plant cells.
Photosynthesis When plants use the sun to give them food.
Centrioles Organelles that are in the cytoplasm of animal cells. Help with cell division.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Connected, flat sacks, and helps to make proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum It combines fats. Carries out the balance of carbohydrates and steroids.
Ribosomes Make new proteins.
Golgi Body/Apparatus Is from the ER and is sorted in this organelle to be shipped or moved to new places.
Cell Wall On the outside of the plant cells only, provides structure, and support in the category of a plant cell.
Vacuole They are used for storage of wastes.
Lysosome Digest and remove waste. Not usually in a plant cell.
Eukaryotic Cell Larger, has a nucleus, newer, has a cell membrane, cell wall for plant only, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, protein synthesis, cellular respiration, and more parts in the cell. Plant and Animal Cells.
Prokaryotic Cell Smaller, does not have a nucleus, older, has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, protein synthesis, cellular respiration. Bacteria Cells.
Organic Molecule Molecules composed of both carbon and hydrogen.
Dehydration Synthesis The process of joining monomers together to form a polymer. This requires the removal of water.
Hydrolysis The process of breaking a polymer apart. This requires adding water.
Protein Synthesis Making proteins (TREBLAH). Nucleus holds the dna, then the ribosomes make the proteins, and lastly the golgi body packages them.
Enzyme A specialized protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Phospholipid Has a hydrophilic top (glycerol) and a hydrophobic bottom (fatty acids).
Semi-Permeable Only allows small molecules to pass freely.
Animal Cell Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, nucleolus, mitochondria, cell membrane, vacuole, ribosomes, lysosomes, nucleus, centrioles, and a nuclear envelope.
Plant Cell Vacuole, chloroplast, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleolus, ribosomes, nucleus, golgi apparatus, and a nuclear envelope.
Vesicle Attached to Golgi Body. Transports materials.
Created by: jschwartzman
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